Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae)
<i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. is a commonly used bulk Chinese herbal remedy. Due to the large-scale mining of wild <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd., its natural resources are gradually exhausted. In addition, there are some problems in <i>Bupleurum sc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/452 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849327661840596992 |
|---|---|
| author | Jialin Sun Jianhao Wu Alyaa Nasr Zhonghua Tang Weili Liu Xiubo Liu Wei Ma |
| author_facet | Jialin Sun Jianhao Wu Alyaa Nasr Zhonghua Tang Weili Liu Xiubo Liu Wei Ma |
| author_sort | Jialin Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. is a commonly used bulk Chinese herbal remedy. Due to the large-scale mining of wild <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd., its natural resources are gradually exhausted. In addition, there are some problems in <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. cultivation, such as lack of guidance, excessive application of fertilizers and so on, which lead to the yield and quality of <i>Bupleurum</i> to be below the standard value. Therefore, it is significant to clarify the regulation of quality and yield under different levels of fertilizers. In this study, three different levels of potassium fertilizer were applied; then, the metabolites in different parts of <i>Bupleurum</i> were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to detect the alterations in the metabolic spectrum and recognize both the accumulation and distribution of key metabolites in response to each level of potassium fertilizer. The contents of various mineral elements, such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, and copper, in different parts of <i>Bupleurum</i> under different potassium levels were determined. Potassium fertilizer had a significant impact on the absorption and distribution of these mineral elements. There were synergistic and antagonistic effects between each element and K⁺. The results showed that low and high potassium levels could promote the progression of main shoots and roots, but inhibited the accumulation of dry matter in lateral shoots and flowers. Low potassium levels stimulated the content of saikosaponin a in all plant parts, while high potassium levels inhibited the accumulation of most saikosaponin a,c and d. A total of 77 metabolites were identified by GC–MS, of which glycerol, d-glucose, silane and copper phthalocyanine were highlighted as the key metabolites in response to potassium fertilizer. The abovementioned metabolites are mapped into insulin signaling pathways, streptomycin biosynthesis, galactose metabolism and other metabolic pathways, sustaining the metabolic regulation of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb18e20dd1ec40d68c1a56516bbcd29b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb18e20dd1ec40d68c1a56516bbcd29b2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-04-0114545210.3390/biology14050452Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae)Jialin Sun0Jianhao Wu1Alyaa Nasr2Zhonghua Tang3Weili Liu4Xiubo Liu5Wei Ma6School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, ChinaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom 32511, EgyptCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China<i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. is a commonly used bulk Chinese herbal remedy. Due to the large-scale mining of wild <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd., its natural resources are gradually exhausted. In addition, there are some problems in <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. cultivation, such as lack of guidance, excessive application of fertilizers and so on, which lead to the yield and quality of <i>Bupleurum</i> to be below the standard value. Therefore, it is significant to clarify the regulation of quality and yield under different levels of fertilizers. In this study, three different levels of potassium fertilizer were applied; then, the metabolites in different parts of <i>Bupleurum</i> were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to detect the alterations in the metabolic spectrum and recognize both the accumulation and distribution of key metabolites in response to each level of potassium fertilizer. The contents of various mineral elements, such as sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, and copper, in different parts of <i>Bupleurum</i> under different potassium levels were determined. Potassium fertilizer had a significant impact on the absorption and distribution of these mineral elements. There were synergistic and antagonistic effects between each element and K⁺. The results showed that low and high potassium levels could promote the progression of main shoots and roots, but inhibited the accumulation of dry matter in lateral shoots and flowers. Low potassium levels stimulated the content of saikosaponin a in all plant parts, while high potassium levels inhibited the accumulation of most saikosaponin a,c and d. A total of 77 metabolites were identified by GC–MS, of which glycerol, d-glucose, silane and copper phthalocyanine were highlighted as the key metabolites in response to potassium fertilizer. The abovementioned metabolites are mapped into insulin signaling pathways, streptomycin biosynthesis, galactose metabolism and other metabolic pathways, sustaining the metabolic regulation of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/452potassium application<i>Bupleurum</i>mineral elementsmetabolite profilesgrowth regulation |
| spellingShingle | Jialin Sun Jianhao Wu Alyaa Nasr Zhonghua Tang Weili Liu Xiubo Liu Wei Ma Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) Biology potassium application <i>Bupleurum</i> mineral elements metabolite profiles growth regulation |
| title | Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) |
| title_full | Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) |
| title_short | Metabonomics Analysis Reveals the Influence Mechanism of Three Potassium Levels on the Growth, Metabolism and Accumulation of Medicinal Components of <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd. (Apiaceae) |
| title_sort | metabonomics analysis reveals the influence mechanism of three potassium levels on the growth metabolism and accumulation of medicinal components of i bupleurum scorzonerifolium i willd apiaceae |
| topic | potassium application <i>Bupleurum</i> mineral elements metabolite profiles growth regulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/452 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jialinsun metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT jianhaowu metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT alyaanasr metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT zhonghuatang metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT weililiu metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT xiuboliu metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae AT weima metabonomicsanalysisrevealstheinfluencemechanismofthreepotassiumlevelsonthegrowthmetabolismandaccumulationofmedicinalcomponentsofibupleurumscorzonerifoliumiwilldapiaceae |