Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child
Abstract Background During the transition to parenthood, fathers face psychosocial changes that are accompanied by uncertainty and insecurity. Feelings of insecurity may affect fathers’ experiences of pregnancy and childbirth, adjustment to the paternal role, and bonding with their child. There is a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07969-3 |
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| author | Therese Werner-Bierwisch Sabine Metzing Eva Kristina Persson Claudia Hellmers |
| author_facet | Therese Werner-Bierwisch Sabine Metzing Eva Kristina Persson Claudia Hellmers |
| author_sort | Therese Werner-Bierwisch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background During the transition to parenthood, fathers face psychosocial changes that are accompanied by uncertainty and insecurity. Feelings of insecurity may affect fathers’ experiences of pregnancy and childbirth, adjustment to the paternal role, and bonding with their child. There is a need to better understand fathers’ experiences of security and the causal and constitutional factors involved. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretical model of how fathers’ sense of security is constructed during pregnancy and childbirth, with a focus on fathers who are present at birth. Methods In line with Corbin and Strauss, a grounded theory methodology was used. The data were analysed using the principles of concurrent data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and memo writing. A total of 24 interviews were conducted 4 to 14 months after the birth of the participants’ last child during the 2016–2019 period. Results Getting one’s bearings during pregnancy and childbirth emerged as the main category for fathers’ sense of security during pregnancy and childbirth. Six categories, ‘preparing for childbirth’, ‘agreeing with her decision’, ‘assessing and weighing risks’, ‘building a trusting relationship with professionals’, ‘taking appropriate supportive role(s)’ and ‘analysing the birth process’, underpin the core category and represent fathers’ strategies for achieving or maintaining orientation in changing situations. Fathers’ orientation strategies are influenced by factors such as personal skills, information, experiences, and the characteristics of professionals in either supportive or inhibiting ways. When fathers succeed in getting their bearings in particular situations, this success opens up possibilities for action and gives them a sense of control. In contrast, a lack of orientation may lead to fathers’ inability to act and may be accompanied by feelings of stress or worry about their female partner and child. Conclusions Mothers’ wishes and needs and the competence of professionals are two essential sources of orientation strategies for fathers. Getting their bearings enables fathers to perceive themselves as competent and to cope with the uncertain and potentially challenging situation of childbirth. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to fathers’ sense of security can help professionals effectively support fathers’ need for security during pregnancy and childbirth. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cb0dfb9ac08646d3a8165029ab66fbb6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj-art-cb0dfb9ac08646d3a8165029ab66fbb62025-08-24T11:56:24ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-08-0125111710.1186/s12884-025-07969-3Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their childTherese Werner-Bierwisch0Sabine Metzing1Eva Kristina Persson2Claudia Hellmers3Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke UniversityDepartment of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke UniversityDepartment of Health Sciences, Lund UniversityDepartment of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke UniversityAbstract Background During the transition to parenthood, fathers face psychosocial changes that are accompanied by uncertainty and insecurity. Feelings of insecurity may affect fathers’ experiences of pregnancy and childbirth, adjustment to the paternal role, and bonding with their child. There is a need to better understand fathers’ experiences of security and the causal and constitutional factors involved. The aim of this study was to develop a theoretical model of how fathers’ sense of security is constructed during pregnancy and childbirth, with a focus on fathers who are present at birth. Methods In line with Corbin and Strauss, a grounded theory methodology was used. The data were analysed using the principles of concurrent data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, constant comparative analysis and memo writing. A total of 24 interviews were conducted 4 to 14 months after the birth of the participants’ last child during the 2016–2019 period. Results Getting one’s bearings during pregnancy and childbirth emerged as the main category for fathers’ sense of security during pregnancy and childbirth. Six categories, ‘preparing for childbirth’, ‘agreeing with her decision’, ‘assessing and weighing risks’, ‘building a trusting relationship with professionals’, ‘taking appropriate supportive role(s)’ and ‘analysing the birth process’, underpin the core category and represent fathers’ strategies for achieving or maintaining orientation in changing situations. Fathers’ orientation strategies are influenced by factors such as personal skills, information, experiences, and the characteristics of professionals in either supportive or inhibiting ways. When fathers succeed in getting their bearings in particular situations, this success opens up possibilities for action and gives them a sense of control. In contrast, a lack of orientation may lead to fathers’ inability to act and may be accompanied by feelings of stress or worry about their female partner and child. Conclusions Mothers’ wishes and needs and the competence of professionals are two essential sources of orientation strategies for fathers. Getting their bearings enables fathers to perceive themselves as competent and to cope with the uncertain and potentially challenging situation of childbirth. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to fathers’ sense of security can help professionals effectively support fathers’ need for security during pregnancy and childbirth.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07969-3Sense of securityFathersPregnancyChildbirthGrounded theory |
| spellingShingle | Therese Werner-Bierwisch Sabine Metzing Eva Kristina Persson Claudia Hellmers Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Sense of security Fathers Pregnancy Childbirth Grounded theory |
| title | Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| title_full | Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| title_fullStr | Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| title_full_unstemmed | Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| title_short | Getting one’s bearings: a grounded theory study of fathers’ sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| title_sort | getting one s bearings a grounded theory study of fathers sense of security while attending the birth of their child |
| topic | Sense of security Fathers Pregnancy Childbirth Grounded theory |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07969-3 |
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