Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)

Radon gas anomalies have been investigated as potential earthquake precursors for many years. In this work, we have studied the possible correlations between radon emissions and the seismic activity rate for a given region to test if the existing correlation may be later used to forecast the occurre...

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Main Authors: David Montiel-López, Sergio Molina, Juan José Galiana-Merino, Igor Gómez, Alireza Kharazian, Juan Luís Soler-Llorens, José Antonio Huesca-Tortosa, Arianna Guardiola-Villora, Gonzalo Ortuño-Sáez
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/933
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author David Montiel-López
Sergio Molina
Juan José Galiana-Merino
Igor Gómez
Alireza Kharazian
Juan Luís Soler-Llorens
José Antonio Huesca-Tortosa
Arianna Guardiola-Villora
Gonzalo Ortuño-Sáez
author_facet David Montiel-López
Sergio Molina
Juan José Galiana-Merino
Igor Gómez
Alireza Kharazian
Juan Luís Soler-Llorens
José Antonio Huesca-Tortosa
Arianna Guardiola-Villora
Gonzalo Ortuño-Sáez
author_sort David Montiel-López
collection DOAJ
description Radon gas anomalies have been investigated as potential earthquake precursors for many years. In this work, we have studied the possible correlations between radon emissions and the seismic activity rate for a given region to test if the existing correlation may be later used to forecast the occurrence of earthquakes larger than a given magnitude. The Vrancea region (Romania) was chosen as a study area since it is being surveilled by a multidisciplinary real-time monitoring network, and at least seven earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4.5 Mw have occurred in this area in the period from 2016 to 2020. Our research followed several steps: First, the recorded radon signals were preprocessed (detrended, deseasoned and smoothed). Then, the station’s signals were correlated in order to check which stations are recording radon anomalies due to the same regional tectonic process. On the other hand, the seismic activity rate was computed using the earthquakes in the main catalogue of the region that are able to generate radon emissions and can be registered at several stations. The obtained results indicate a significant correlation between the seismic activity rate and the temporal series of radon anomalies. A temporal lag between the seismic activity rate and the radon anomalies was found, which can be related to the proximity to the epicentre of the main earthquake in each of the studied subperiods. Changes in the regional tectonic stress field could explain why the seismic activity rate and radon anomalies are correlated over time. Further research could focus on obtaining a function to forecast the seismic activity rate using the following as dependent variables: the radon anomalies recorded at several stations, the distance from the stations, and tectonic factors such as the fault system, azimuth, type of soil, etc.
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spelling doaj-art-cb092b8da3c843c7a149d0c6f711aae92025-08-20T02:12:30ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-0125393310.3390/s25030933Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)David Montiel-López0Sergio Molina1Juan José Galiana-Merino2Igor Gómez3Alireza Kharazian4Juan Luís Soler-Llorens5José Antonio Huesca-Tortosa6Arianna Guardiola-Villora7Gonzalo Ortuño-Sáez8Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainMultidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartment of Physics, Systems Engineering and Signal Theory, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainMultidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainMultidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartment of Architectural Constructions, University of Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080 Alicante, SpainDepartment of Continuum Mechanics and Theory of Structures, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainIndependent Researcher, 03300 Orihuela, SpainRadon gas anomalies have been investigated as potential earthquake precursors for many years. In this work, we have studied the possible correlations between radon emissions and the seismic activity rate for a given region to test if the existing correlation may be later used to forecast the occurrence of earthquakes larger than a given magnitude. The Vrancea region (Romania) was chosen as a study area since it is being surveilled by a multidisciplinary real-time monitoring network, and at least seven earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4.5 Mw have occurred in this area in the period from 2016 to 2020. Our research followed several steps: First, the recorded radon signals were preprocessed (detrended, deseasoned and smoothed). Then, the station’s signals were correlated in order to check which stations are recording radon anomalies due to the same regional tectonic process. On the other hand, the seismic activity rate was computed using the earthquakes in the main catalogue of the region that are able to generate radon emissions and can be registered at several stations. The obtained results indicate a significant correlation between the seismic activity rate and the temporal series of radon anomalies. A temporal lag between the seismic activity rate and the radon anomalies was found, which can be related to the proximity to the epicentre of the main earthquake in each of the studied subperiods. Changes in the regional tectonic stress field could explain why the seismic activity rate and radon anomalies are correlated over time. Further research could focus on obtaining a function to forecast the seismic activity rate using the following as dependent variables: the radon anomalies recorded at several stations, the distance from the stations, and tectonic factors such as the fault system, azimuth, type of soil, etc.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/933radonseismicitycorrelationlagsignalearthquake
spellingShingle David Montiel-López
Sergio Molina
Juan José Galiana-Merino
Igor Gómez
Alireza Kharazian
Juan Luís Soler-Llorens
José Antonio Huesca-Tortosa
Arianna Guardiola-Villora
Gonzalo Ortuño-Sáez
Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
Sensors
radon
seismicity
correlation
lag
signal
earthquake
title Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
title_full Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
title_fullStr Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
title_full_unstemmed Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
title_short Spatio-Temporal Correlation Between Radon Emissions and Seismic Activity: An Example Based on the Vrancea Region (Romania)
title_sort spatio temporal correlation between radon emissions and seismic activity an example based on the vrancea region romania
topic radon
seismicity
correlation
lag
signal
earthquake
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/3/933
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