Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain

Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the nematode <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>. In immunosuppressed patients, it may progress to hyperinfection syndrome (HIS) and disseminated strongyloidiasis (DS), both of which are associated with high mortality ra...

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Main Authors: Ana Lucas-Dato, María Dolores Hernández-Rabadán, Pedro Luis Boils Arroyo, Jara Llenas-García
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microbiology Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/42
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author Ana Lucas-Dato
María Dolores Hernández-Rabadán
Pedro Luis Boils Arroyo
Jara Llenas-García
author_facet Ana Lucas-Dato
María Dolores Hernández-Rabadán
Pedro Luis Boils Arroyo
Jara Llenas-García
author_sort Ana Lucas-Dato
collection DOAJ
description Background: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the nematode <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>. In immunosuppressed patients, it may progress to hyperinfection syndrome (HIS) and disseminated strongyloidiasis (DS), both of which are associated with high mortality rates. We reviewed cases of HIS and DS in a Spanish hospital located in an area with endemic strongyloidiasis. Methods: All of the patients who met the HIS or DIS criteria between 1999 and 2023 at the Vega Baja Hospital in Orihuela (Alicante, Spain) were included. Results: Five patients were identified, four of them autochthonous (median age 72 years, 80% male), with three cases of HIS and two cases of DS in the form of meningitis, due to <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. The most common risk factor, observed in three patients, was corticosteroid use. Two patients died. Conclusions: This case series highlights the severity of infections in immunocompromised patients in an endemic area of Spain, emphasizing the need to establish screening protocols for patients at risk of immunosuppression, including both locals and migrants.
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spelling doaj-art-cafc740872bc48c4b9682b462d89baaa2025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-02-011624210.3390/microbiolres16020042Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern SpainAna Lucas-Dato0María Dolores Hernández-Rabadán1Pedro Luis Boils Arroyo2Jara Llenas-García3Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja, 03314 Orihuela, SpainInternal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja, 03314 Orihuela, SpainPathology Department, Hospital Vega Baja, 03314 Orihuela, SpainInternal Medicine Department, Hospital Vega Baja, 03314 Orihuela, SpainBackground: Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the nematode <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>. In immunosuppressed patients, it may progress to hyperinfection syndrome (HIS) and disseminated strongyloidiasis (DS), both of which are associated with high mortality rates. We reviewed cases of HIS and DS in a Spanish hospital located in an area with endemic strongyloidiasis. Methods: All of the patients who met the HIS or DIS criteria between 1999 and 2023 at the Vega Baja Hospital in Orihuela (Alicante, Spain) were included. Results: Five patients were identified, four of them autochthonous (median age 72 years, 80% male), with three cases of HIS and two cases of DS in the form of meningitis, due to <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. The most common risk factor, observed in three patients, was corticosteroid use. Two patients died. Conclusions: This case series highlights the severity of infections in immunocompromised patients in an endemic area of Spain, emphasizing the need to establish screening protocols for patients at risk of immunosuppression, including both locals and migrants.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/42<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>hyperinfectiondisseminated strongyloidiasiscase series
spellingShingle Ana Lucas-Dato
María Dolores Hernández-Rabadán
Pedro Luis Boils Arroyo
Jara Llenas-García
Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
Microbiology Research
<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>
hyperinfection
disseminated strongyloidiasis
case series
title Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
title_full Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
title_fullStr Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
title_full_unstemmed Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
title_short Hyperinfection by <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>: Series of Cases in a Regional Hospital in Southern Spain
title_sort hyperinfection by i strongyloides stercoralis i series of cases in a regional hospital in southern spain
topic <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i>
hyperinfection
disseminated strongyloidiasis
case series
url https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/42
work_keys_str_mv AT analucasdato hyperinfectionbyistrongyloidesstercoralisiseriesofcasesinaregionalhospitalinsouthernspain
AT mariadoloreshernandezrabadan hyperinfectionbyistrongyloidesstercoralisiseriesofcasesinaregionalhospitalinsouthernspain
AT pedroluisboilsarroyo hyperinfectionbyistrongyloidesstercoralisiseriesofcasesinaregionalhospitalinsouthernspain
AT jarallenasgarcia hyperinfectionbyistrongyloidesstercoralisiseriesofcasesinaregionalhospitalinsouthernspain