Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Background We analyzed the relationship between disability status and periodontal disease, focusing on disparities in healthcare utilisation, including outpatient visits and hospitalisation rates, among disability types and severities. Methods This study used data from the National Health I...

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Main Authors: SeoYeon Chung, Sujin Jeong, Young-Il Jung, MiSun Kim, Boyoung Jeon, Joon Lee, So-Youn Park, In-Hwan Oh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05754-4
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author SeoYeon Chung
Sujin Jeong
Young-Il Jung
MiSun Kim
Boyoung Jeon
Joon Lee
So-Youn Park
In-Hwan Oh
author_facet SeoYeon Chung
Sujin Jeong
Young-Il Jung
MiSun Kim
Boyoung Jeon
Joon Lee
So-Youn Park
In-Hwan Oh
author_sort SeoYeon Chung
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background We analyzed the relationship between disability status and periodontal disease, focusing on disparities in healthcare utilisation, including outpatient visits and hospitalisation rates, among disability types and severities. Methods This study used data from the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) of Korea, which includes comprehensive records of the insured population. We examined 966,200 individuals with disabilities, grouped into five categories, and applied propensity score matching to compare with a matched control population. Periodontal disease was defined by the Korean Classification of Diseases criteria, and we used chi-square tests, t-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and negative binomial regression. Results Individuals with disabilities had higher odds of hospitalisation for periodontitis (OR: 3.83, 95% CI = 3.59–4.08) but lower odds for outpatient visits (OR: 0.68, 95% CI = 0.68–0.69) and dental treatments (OR: 0.73, 95% CI = 0.72–0.73) compared to those without disabilities. The highest hospitalisation rates were among those with mental health disabilities (OR: 13.70, 95% CI = 12.26–15.30). Severe disabilities were associated with increased hospitalisation rates (OR: 7.14, 95% CI = 6.66–7.66) and fewer outpatient visits and treatments. Conclusion Individuals with mental health disabilities or severe disabilities experience greater risks of hospitalisation for periodontitis and attend fewer outpatient visits and treatments. Targeted interventions are needed to improve dental care access and reduce disparities.
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spelling doaj-art-cafacb0385ed42dfac93a4432a5d08bd2025-08-20T03:04:54ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-04-0125111310.1186/s12903-025-05754-4Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort studySeoYeon Chung0Sujin Jeong1Young-Il Jung2MiSun Kim3Boyoung Jeon4Joon Lee5So-Youn Park6In-Hwan Oh7Department of Home Economics Education, School of Human Ecology, Korea UniversityStatistics Support Part, Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical CenterDepartment of Environmental Health, Korea National Open UniversityDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at GangdongDepartment of Health and Medical Information, Myongji CollegeData Intelligence for Health Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryDepartment of Hospital Medicine, Inha University HospitalDepartment of Preventive Medicine School of Medicine, Kyung Hee UniversityAbstract Background We analyzed the relationship between disability status and periodontal disease, focusing on disparities in healthcare utilisation, including outpatient visits and hospitalisation rates, among disability types and severities. Methods This study used data from the National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) of Korea, which includes comprehensive records of the insured population. We examined 966,200 individuals with disabilities, grouped into five categories, and applied propensity score matching to compare with a matched control population. Periodontal disease was defined by the Korean Classification of Diseases criteria, and we used chi-square tests, t-tests, multivariate logistic regression, and negative binomial regression. Results Individuals with disabilities had higher odds of hospitalisation for periodontitis (OR: 3.83, 95% CI = 3.59–4.08) but lower odds for outpatient visits (OR: 0.68, 95% CI = 0.68–0.69) and dental treatments (OR: 0.73, 95% CI = 0.72–0.73) compared to those without disabilities. The highest hospitalisation rates were among those with mental health disabilities (OR: 13.70, 95% CI = 12.26–15.30). Severe disabilities were associated with increased hospitalisation rates (OR: 7.14, 95% CI = 6.66–7.66) and fewer outpatient visits and treatments. Conclusion Individuals with mental health disabilities or severe disabilities experience greater risks of hospitalisation for periodontitis and attend fewer outpatient visits and treatments. Targeted interventions are needed to improve dental care access and reduce disparities.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05754-4Dental treatmentsDisabilitiesHealthcare utilisationHospitalisationPeriodontitisPropensity score matching
spellingShingle SeoYeon Chung
Sujin Jeong
Young-Il Jung
MiSun Kim
Boyoung Jeon
Joon Lee
So-Youn Park
In-Hwan Oh
Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
BMC Oral Health
Dental treatments
Disabilities
Healthcare utilisation
Hospitalisation
Periodontitis
Propensity score matching
title Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in Korea: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort disparities in periodontitis risk and healthcare use among individuals with disabilities in korea a retrospective cohort study
topic Dental treatments
Disabilities
Healthcare utilisation
Hospitalisation
Periodontitis
Propensity score matching
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05754-4
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