Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>

Puerarin, a bioactive isoflavone extracted from <i>Pueraria lobata</i>, possesses well-documented pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects, which have been extensively studied in mammalian models and traditional medicine. Rece...

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Main Authors: Yi Huang, Wenjing Ma, Disen Zhang, Xi Chen, Zhiqiu Huang, Yuhang Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Fishes
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/197
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author Yi Huang
Wenjing Ma
Disen Zhang
Xi Chen
Zhiqiu Huang
Yuhang Hong
author_facet Yi Huang
Wenjing Ma
Disen Zhang
Xi Chen
Zhiqiu Huang
Yuhang Hong
author_sort Yi Huang
collection DOAJ
description Puerarin, a bioactive isoflavone extracted from <i>Pueraria lobata</i>, possesses well-documented pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects, which have been extensively studied in mammalian models and traditional medicine. Recently, its potential as a functional feed additive in aquaculture has garnered increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary puerarin supplementation on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>. A total of 120 fish were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups, receiving a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg puerarin for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary puerarin significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved weight gain, with the 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg groups exhibiting the best performance. Puerarin supplementation enhanced acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) activities, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, indicating improved immune function and oxidative stress resistance in groups receiving medium concentrations of puerarin supplementation. The expression of the <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, and <i>HSP70</i> genes was significantly downregulated, especially in the 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg groups, suggesting anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects, while <i>Nrf2</i> expression was upregulated in the 1000 mg/kg group, reinforcing its antioxidative role. Additionally, puerarin-fed fish exhibited significantly lower mortality rates following <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infection, highlighting enhanced disease resistance. In summary, the dose-dependent effect of puerarin on largemouth bass aquaculture has been revealed in this study. Dietary supplementation with moderate doses of puerarin (200 and 500 mg/kg) effectively suppressed inflammation and enhanced immune function, while the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) may mildly activate the immune system. These findings suggest that puerarin is a promising phytogenic feed additive for improving fish health and aquaculture sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-caeb5f8d645e4d2e841db5e2bed754af2025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-04-0110519710.3390/fishes10050197Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>Yi Huang0Wenjing Ma1Disen Zhang2Xi Chen3Zhiqiu Huang4Yuhang Hong5Key Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Application of Ecology and Environmental Protection in Plateau Wetland of Sichuan, Xichang University, Xichang 415000, ChinaPuerarin, a bioactive isoflavone extracted from <i>Pueraria lobata</i>, possesses well-documented pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory effects, which have been extensively studied in mammalian models and traditional medicine. Recently, its potential as a functional feed additive in aquaculture has garnered increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary puerarin supplementation on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>. A total of 120 fish were randomly assigned to 4 dietary groups, receiving a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg puerarin for 8 weeks. The results showed that dietary puerarin significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) improved weight gain, with the 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg groups exhibiting the best performance. Puerarin supplementation enhanced acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) activities, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, indicating improved immune function and oxidative stress resistance in groups receiving medium concentrations of puerarin supplementation. The expression of the <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>IL-8</i>, and <i>HSP70</i> genes was significantly downregulated, especially in the 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg groups, suggesting anti-inflammatory and anti-stress effects, while <i>Nrf2</i> expression was upregulated in the 1000 mg/kg group, reinforcing its antioxidative role. Additionally, puerarin-fed fish exhibited significantly lower mortality rates following <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> infection, highlighting enhanced disease resistance. In summary, the dose-dependent effect of puerarin on largemouth bass aquaculture has been revealed in this study. Dietary supplementation with moderate doses of puerarin (200 and 500 mg/kg) effectively suppressed inflammation and enhanced immune function, while the highest dose (1000 mg/kg) may mildly activate the immune system. These findings suggest that puerarin is a promising phytogenic feed additive for improving fish health and aquaculture sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/197puerarin<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>feedingimmunomodulationantioxidation
spellingShingle Yi Huang
Wenjing Ma
Disen Zhang
Xi Chen
Zhiqiu Huang
Yuhang Hong
Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
Fishes
puerarin
<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
feeding
immunomodulation
antioxidation
title Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
title_full Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
title_fullStr Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
title_short Dietary Puerarin Enhances Growth, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Disease Resistance in Farmed Largemouth Bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
title_sort dietary puerarin enhances growth immune function antioxidant capacity and disease resistance in farmed largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i
topic puerarin
<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>
feeding
immunomodulation
antioxidation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/197
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