Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism and can reportedly act as an antioxidant. However, recently, numerous clinical and basic research approaches have revealed close associations of hyperuricemia with several disorders, particularly those comprising the metabolic syndrome. In this...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8603164 |
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| author | Akifumi Kushiyama Yusuke Nakatsu Yasuka Matsunaga Takeshi Yamamotoya Keiichi Mori Koji Ueda Yuki Inoue Hideyuki Sakoda Midori Fujishiro Hiraku Ono Tomoichiro Asano |
| author_facet | Akifumi Kushiyama Yusuke Nakatsu Yasuka Matsunaga Takeshi Yamamotoya Keiichi Mori Koji Ueda Yuki Inoue Hideyuki Sakoda Midori Fujishiro Hiraku Ono Tomoichiro Asano |
| author_sort | Akifumi Kushiyama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism and can reportedly act as an antioxidant. However, recently, numerous clinical and basic research approaches have revealed close associations of hyperuricemia with several disorders, particularly those comprising the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we first outline the two molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation occurrence in relation to UA metabolism; one is inflammasome activation by UA crystallization and the other involves superoxide free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase (XO). Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic or preventive effects of XO inhibitors against atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which were not previously considered to be related, at least not directly, to hyperuricemia. Such beneficial effects of XO inhibitors have been reported for other organs including the kidneys and the heart. Thus, a major portion of this review focuses on the relationships between UA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and related disorders. Although further studies are necessary, XO inhibitors are a potentially novel strategy for reducing the risk of many forms of organ failure characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cae81da8971b4212ad4e83e7fbd6abfd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-cae81da8971b4212ad4e83e7fbd6abfd2025-08-20T02:19:50ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/86031648603164Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisAkifumi Kushiyama0Yusuke Nakatsu1Yasuka Matsunaga2Takeshi Yamamotoya3Keiichi Mori4Koji Ueda5Yuki Inoue6Hideyuki Sakoda7Midori Fujishiro8Hiraku Ono9Tomoichiro Asano10Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanDivision of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama 350-0495, JapanDepartment of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, JapanUric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism and can reportedly act as an antioxidant. However, recently, numerous clinical and basic research approaches have revealed close associations of hyperuricemia with several disorders, particularly those comprising the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we first outline the two molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation occurrence in relation to UA metabolism; one is inflammasome activation by UA crystallization and the other involves superoxide free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase (XO). Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic or preventive effects of XO inhibitors against atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which were not previously considered to be related, at least not directly, to hyperuricemia. Such beneficial effects of XO inhibitors have been reported for other organs including the kidneys and the heart. Thus, a major portion of this review focuses on the relationships between UA metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and related disorders. Although further studies are necessary, XO inhibitors are a potentially novel strategy for reducing the risk of many forms of organ failure characteristic of the metabolic syndrome.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8603164 |
| spellingShingle | Akifumi Kushiyama Yusuke Nakatsu Yasuka Matsunaga Takeshi Yamamotoya Keiichi Mori Koji Ueda Yuki Inoue Hideyuki Sakoda Midori Fujishiro Hiraku Ono Tomoichiro Asano Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
| title_full | Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
| title_fullStr | Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
| title_short | Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
| title_sort | role of uric acid metabolism related inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome components such as atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8603164 |
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