Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases

Background: Hypertension is a common chronic disease in the elderly, with complex causes and multiple complications, making it a key comorbidity risk factor for chronic diseases. Method: Using a hypothetical cohort from the CHARLS dataset (n = 19,283) and supplemented by CLHLS (n = 14,982), we emplo...

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Main Authors: Zihang Xiang, Handong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000177
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author Zihang Xiang
Handong Li
author_facet Zihang Xiang
Handong Li
author_sort Zihang Xiang
collection DOAJ
description Background: Hypertension is a common chronic disease in the elderly, with complex causes and multiple complications, making it a key comorbidity risk factor for chronic diseases. Method: Using a hypothetical cohort from the CHARLS dataset (n = 19,283) and supplemented by CLHLS (n = 14,982), we employed a multi-state transition probability model to calculate hypertension incidence under various chronic disease conditions and its marginal impact on other chronic diseases. Results: We ranked the conditional incidence of hypertension across 13 chronic disease combinations and identified key comorbidities. Additionally, we ranked the marginal impact of hypertension on other chronic diseases. Conclusions: (1) Among common chronic diseases, hypertension poses the highest risk in healthy elderly individuals in healthy state. (2) In men, the highest risk factors for hypertension, in descending order, are memory-related diseases, stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and dyslipidemia. In women, these are cancer, stroke, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease. (3) Liver and stomach diseases “reduce” the risk of hypertension in men, while chronic lung disease, memory-related diseases, stomach disease, and kidney disease “reduce” the risk in women. (4) Hypertension in men does not significantly increase the risk of other chronic diseases, but it does in women. (5) Gender differences in hypertension among the elderly stem from differences in the types of comorbidities of chronic disease between men and women, rather than gender itself.
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spelling doaj-art-cae1d309d5a04a9ba7d2329a6c3e58c72025-08-20T02:29:20ZengElsevierArchives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus2950-30782025-06-012210013510.1016/j.aggp.2025.100135Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseasesZihang Xiang0Handong Li1School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR ChinaBackground: Hypertension is a common chronic disease in the elderly, with complex causes and multiple complications, making it a key comorbidity risk factor for chronic diseases. Method: Using a hypothetical cohort from the CHARLS dataset (n = 19,283) and supplemented by CLHLS (n = 14,982), we employed a multi-state transition probability model to calculate hypertension incidence under various chronic disease conditions and its marginal impact on other chronic diseases. Results: We ranked the conditional incidence of hypertension across 13 chronic disease combinations and identified key comorbidities. Additionally, we ranked the marginal impact of hypertension on other chronic diseases. Conclusions: (1) Among common chronic diseases, hypertension poses the highest risk in healthy elderly individuals in healthy state. (2) In men, the highest risk factors for hypertension, in descending order, are memory-related diseases, stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and dyslipidemia. In women, these are cancer, stroke, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease. (3) Liver and stomach diseases “reduce” the risk of hypertension in men, while chronic lung disease, memory-related diseases, stomach disease, and kidney disease “reduce” the risk in women. (4) Hypertension in men does not significantly increase the risk of other chronic diseases, but it does in women. (5) Gender differences in hypertension among the elderly stem from differences in the types of comorbidities of chronic disease between men and women, rather than gender itself.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000177ElderlyHypertensionComorbidity risksChronic diseasesMulti-state transfer model
spellingShingle Zihang Xiang
Handong Li
Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus
Elderly
Hypertension
Comorbidity risks
Chronic diseases
Multi-state transfer model
title Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
title_full Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
title_fullStr Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
title_full_unstemmed Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
title_short Study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
title_sort study on the risk of comorbid hypertension in multiple chronic diseases
topic Elderly
Hypertension
Comorbidity risks
Chronic diseases
Multi-state transfer model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950307825000177
work_keys_str_mv AT zihangxiang studyontheriskofcomorbidhypertensioninmultiplechronicdiseases
AT handongli studyontheriskofcomorbidhypertensioninmultiplechronicdiseases