Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) application has been seen across various sectors to improve management practices. In medical waste management post-pandemic, the integration of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) has notably enhanced sorting methods. The increased medical waste has brought abo...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Hafizuddin Moktar, Hassan Mohamed, Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj, Mohd Zafri Baharuddin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Engineering and Applied Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-025-00661-5
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author Muhammad Hafizuddin Moktar
Hassan Mohamed
Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj
Mohd Zafri Baharuddin
author_facet Muhammad Hafizuddin Moktar
Hassan Mohamed
Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj
Mohd Zafri Baharuddin
author_sort Muhammad Hafizuddin Moktar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) application has been seen across various sectors to improve management practices. In medical waste management post-pandemic, the integration of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) has notably enhanced sorting methods. The increased medical waste has brought about significant environmental challenges, impacting community health, land, and ocean ecosystems. We aim to develop a medical waste sorting system integrated with the You Only Look Once model (YOLO) and IoT for monitoring purposes. We can observe how effective the YOLO model is in sorting applications. This work trained and compared YOLO models from YOLO v5 to YOLO v9. YOLO v8 outperformed, and we implemented it into the sorting system. The mechanical, software, and programming elements were combined to develop the sorting prototype. From the training results, YOLO v8 achieved 98% mean average precision (mAP), 0.958 and 0.963 precision and recall, respectively. Other than that, the sorting evaluation was done during the final testing, with 93.75% accuracy. Further results were explained in the paper. The developed sorting prototype detected, classified, and sorted the medical waste, including facemasks, gloves, syringes, and sharp waste, based on the YOLO model. Further development is essential to improve the system in many aspects. Therefore, this system can be implemented practically in actual medical waste management. This work is a move that aligns with the third Sustainable Development Goal, where we focused on an automated medical waste system, ensuring sustainable health and Good Health and Well-being (SDG3).
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spelling doaj-art-cabb91bd677d4720938ea24bd3770d932025-08-20T02:10:34ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Engineering and Applied Science1110-19032536-95122025-06-0172112510.1186/s44147-025-00661-5Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilizationMuhammad Hafizuddin Moktar0Hassan Mohamed1Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj2Mohd Zafri Baharuddin3Centre for Advanced Mechatronics and Robotics (CaMaRo), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)Centre for Advanced Mechatronics and Robotics (CaMaRo), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sunway UniversityInstitute of Engineering Infrastructure (IEI), Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) application has been seen across various sectors to improve management practices. In medical waste management post-pandemic, the integration of IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) has notably enhanced sorting methods. The increased medical waste has brought about significant environmental challenges, impacting community health, land, and ocean ecosystems. We aim to develop a medical waste sorting system integrated with the You Only Look Once model (YOLO) and IoT for monitoring purposes. We can observe how effective the YOLO model is in sorting applications. This work trained and compared YOLO models from YOLO v5 to YOLO v9. YOLO v8 outperformed, and we implemented it into the sorting system. The mechanical, software, and programming elements were combined to develop the sorting prototype. From the training results, YOLO v8 achieved 98% mean average precision (mAP), 0.958 and 0.963 precision and recall, respectively. Other than that, the sorting evaluation was done during the final testing, with 93.75% accuracy. Further results were explained in the paper. The developed sorting prototype detected, classified, and sorted the medical waste, including facemasks, gloves, syringes, and sharp waste, based on the YOLO model. Further development is essential to improve the system in many aspects. Therefore, this system can be implemented practically in actual medical waste management. This work is a move that aligns with the third Sustainable Development Goal, where we focused on an automated medical waste system, ensuring sustainable health and Good Health and Well-being (SDG3).https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-025-00661-5Artificial intelligenceDeep-learningYOLOIoTSDG 3
spellingShingle Muhammad Hafizuddin Moktar
Hassan Mohamed
Sami Salama Hussen Hajjaj
Mohd Zafri Baharuddin
Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
Journal of Engineering and Applied Science
Artificial intelligence
Deep-learning
YOLO
IoT
SDG 3
title Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
title_full Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
title_fullStr Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
title_full_unstemmed Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
title_short Medical waste sorting machine development with IoT and YOLO model utilization
title_sort medical waste sorting machine development with iot and yolo model utilization
topic Artificial intelligence
Deep-learning
YOLO
IoT
SDG 3
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s44147-025-00661-5
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