Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Although the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase worldwide, genetic factors predicting progression to cirrhosis and decompensation in NAFLD remain poorly understood. We sought to determine whether gene expression pro...

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Main Authors: Kara Wegermann, Ricardo Henao, Anna Mae Diehl, Susan K Murphy, Manal F Abdelmalek, Cynthia A Moylan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2018-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204308
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author Kara Wegermann
Ricardo Henao
Anna Mae Diehl
Susan K Murphy
Manal F Abdelmalek
Cynthia A Moylan
author_facet Kara Wegermann
Ricardo Henao
Anna Mae Diehl
Susan K Murphy
Manal F Abdelmalek
Cynthia A Moylan
author_sort Kara Wegermann
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background and objectives</h4>Although the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase worldwide, genetic factors predicting progression to cirrhosis and decompensation in NAFLD remain poorly understood. We sought to determine whether gene expression profiling was associated with clinical decompensation and death in patients with NAFLD, and to assess whether altered DNA methylation contributes to these changes in gene expression.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a retrospective analysis of 86 patients in the Duke NAFLD Clinical Database and Biorepository with biopsy-proven NAFLD whose liver tissue was previously evaluated for gene expression and DNA methylation using array based technologies. We assessed the prospective development of liver and cardiovascular disease related outcomes, including hepatic decompensation as identified by the development of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, or variceal bleeding as well as stroke and myocardial infarction via medical chart review.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 86 patients, 47 had F0-F1 fibrosis and 39 had F3-F4 fibrosis at index liver biopsy. Gene expression probe sets (n = 54,675) were analyzed; 42 genes showed significant differential expression (p<0.05) and a two-fold change in expression between patients with and without any outcome. Two expression probes of the branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) gene were upregulated (p = 0.02; fold change 2.1 and 2.2 respectively) in patients with a clinical outcome. Methylation of three of the 34 BCAT1 CpG methylation probes were significantly inversely correlated with BCAT1 expression specific to the probes predictive of clinical deterioration.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We found differential gene expression, correlated to changes in DNA methylation, at multiple BCAT1 loci in patients with cardiovascular outcomes and/or hepatic decompensation. BCAT1 catalyzes the transformation of alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate and has been linked to the presence and severity of NAFLD, possibly through derangements in the balance between glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Given the potential for BCAT1 to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes, and the potential therapeutic implications, these results should be validated in larger prospective studies.
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spelling doaj-art-caba766bc364413c8f5cba9619c0a4802025-08-20T03:13:35ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01139e020430810.1371/journal.pone.0204308Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.Kara WegermannRicardo HenaoAnna Mae DiehlSusan K MurphyManal F AbdelmalekCynthia A Moylan<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Although the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase worldwide, genetic factors predicting progression to cirrhosis and decompensation in NAFLD remain poorly understood. We sought to determine whether gene expression profiling was associated with clinical decompensation and death in patients with NAFLD, and to assess whether altered DNA methylation contributes to these changes in gene expression.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a retrospective analysis of 86 patients in the Duke NAFLD Clinical Database and Biorepository with biopsy-proven NAFLD whose liver tissue was previously evaluated for gene expression and DNA methylation using array based technologies. We assessed the prospective development of liver and cardiovascular disease related outcomes, including hepatic decompensation as identified by the development of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, or variceal bleeding as well as stroke and myocardial infarction via medical chart review.<h4>Results</h4>Of the 86 patients, 47 had F0-F1 fibrosis and 39 had F3-F4 fibrosis at index liver biopsy. Gene expression probe sets (n = 54,675) were analyzed; 42 genes showed significant differential expression (p<0.05) and a two-fold change in expression between patients with and without any outcome. Two expression probes of the branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) gene were upregulated (p = 0.02; fold change 2.1 and 2.2 respectively) in patients with a clinical outcome. Methylation of three of the 34 BCAT1 CpG methylation probes were significantly inversely correlated with BCAT1 expression specific to the probes predictive of clinical deterioration.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We found differential gene expression, correlated to changes in DNA methylation, at multiple BCAT1 loci in patients with cardiovascular outcomes and/or hepatic decompensation. BCAT1 catalyzes the transformation of alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate and has been linked to the presence and severity of NAFLD, possibly through derangements in the balance between glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Given the potential for BCAT1 to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes, and the potential therapeutic implications, these results should be validated in larger prospective studies.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204308
spellingShingle Kara Wegermann
Ricardo Henao
Anna Mae Diehl
Susan K Murphy
Manal F Abdelmalek
Cynthia A Moylan
Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
PLoS ONE
title Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
title_full Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
title_fullStr Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
title_full_unstemmed Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
title_short Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events: A pilot study.
title_sort branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 bcat1 is overexpressed and hypomethylated in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease who experience adverse clinical events a pilot study
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204308
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