The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis

Purpose: Societal stigma of psychosis leads to delayed treatment for individuals experiencing early symptoms, for fear of being labeled “crazy” or “psychotic.” Delayed treatment can worsen the prognosis of individuals with psychosis. Proper adherence to person-centered language (PCL) guidelines can...

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Main Authors: Zach Monahan, Tanner Stone, Vinay Swami, Kelly Dunn, Micah Hartwell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Advocate Aurora Health 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
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Online Access:https://institutionalrepository.aah.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2120&context=jpcrr
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author Zach Monahan
Tanner Stone
Vinay Swami
Kelly Dunn
Micah Hartwell
author_facet Zach Monahan
Tanner Stone
Vinay Swami
Kelly Dunn
Micah Hartwell
author_sort Zach Monahan
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: Societal stigma of psychosis leads to delayed treatment for individuals experiencing early symptoms, for fear of being labeled “crazy” or “psychotic.” Delayed treatment can worsen the prognosis of individuals with psychosis. Proper adherence to person-centered language (PCL) guidelines can curb the widely held stigmatized preconceptions about psychotic conditions. Methods: Our meta-epidemiological analysis began with a systematic search of literature in PubMed discussing psychosis from 2020-2022. From the 14,522 results, we randomly selected 500 articles in journals with at least 20 articles on psychosis (n = 9,775), of which 241 articles met the inclusion criteria. These papers were screened for the usage of stigmatized language; article characteristics were also noted for further analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed that 53.1% of articles screened included stigmatized language. The most common stigmatized phrase identified was “schizophrenia patient,” found in 35.3% of papers. “Schizophrenic [patient/subject/etc]” and “psychosis patient” were each found in 12.4% of papers. The type of intervention (ie, pharmacologic, therapeutic, or observational) was the only variable that was found to be significant for PCL usage (P = 0.006). Conclusions: The majority of medical articles screened did not adhere to PCL guidelines. The usage of stigmatized language in literature reinforces the use of these labels in medical education, doctor’s offices, and popular culture. Given the impact of stigma on treatment delay – and the poor prognosis that may result – proper care should be taken to enforce PCL in medical literature. Reducing the fear of labeling is a necessary step in encouraging treatment for people experiencing early symptoms of psychosis.
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spelling doaj-art-caacdd51db834cd79a4bf02f1fe943122025-08-20T02:24:58ZengAdvocate Aurora HealthJournal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews2330-06982025-04-01122566210.17294/2330-0698.2120The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on PsychosisZach Monahan0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9569-8223Tanner Stone1Vinay Swami2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5538-9717Kelly Dunn3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-5825Micah Hartwell4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-6571Oklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesOklahoma State University Center for Health SciencesPurpose: Societal stigma of psychosis leads to delayed treatment for individuals experiencing early symptoms, for fear of being labeled “crazy” or “psychotic.” Delayed treatment can worsen the prognosis of individuals with psychosis. Proper adherence to person-centered language (PCL) guidelines can curb the widely held stigmatized preconceptions about psychotic conditions. Methods: Our meta-epidemiological analysis began with a systematic search of literature in PubMed discussing psychosis from 2020-2022. From the 14,522 results, we randomly selected 500 articles in journals with at least 20 articles on psychosis (n = 9,775), of which 241 articles met the inclusion criteria. These papers were screened for the usage of stigmatized language; article characteristics were also noted for further analysis. Results: Our analysis revealed that 53.1% of articles screened included stigmatized language. The most common stigmatized phrase identified was “schizophrenia patient,” found in 35.3% of papers. “Schizophrenic [patient/subject/etc]” and “psychosis patient” were each found in 12.4% of papers. The type of intervention (ie, pharmacologic, therapeutic, or observational) was the only variable that was found to be significant for PCL usage (P = 0.006). Conclusions: The majority of medical articles screened did not adhere to PCL guidelines. The usage of stigmatized language in literature reinforces the use of these labels in medical education, doctor’s offices, and popular culture. Given the impact of stigma on treatment delay – and the poor prognosis that may result – proper care should be taken to enforce PCL in medical literature. Reducing the fear of labeling is a necessary step in encouraging treatment for people experiencing early symptoms of psychosis.https://institutionalrepository.aah.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2120&context=jpcrrstigmaperson-centered languagepsychosisschizophreniastigmatized language
spellingShingle Zach Monahan
Tanner Stone
Vinay Swami
Kelly Dunn
Micah Hartwell
The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
stigma
person-centered language
psychosis
schizophrenia
stigmatized language
title The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
title_full The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
title_fullStr The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
title_full_unstemmed The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
title_short The Use of Person-Centered Language in Scientific Research Articles Focused on Psychosis
title_sort use of person centered language in scientific research articles focused on psychosis
topic stigma
person-centered language
psychosis
schizophrenia
stigmatized language
url https://institutionalrepository.aah.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2120&context=jpcrr
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