The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells
Background: Cellular vacuolization is a commonly observed phenomenon under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying vacuole formation remain largely unresolved. Methods: Lyso...
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IMR Press
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/30/1/10.31083/FBL26796 |
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| author | Dakang Sun Xinye An Yanli Cheng |
| author_facet | Dakang Sun Xinye An Yanli Cheng |
| author_sort | Dakang Sun |
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| description | Background: Cellular vacuolization is a commonly observed phenomenon under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying vacuole formation remain largely unresolved. Methods: LysoTracker Deep Red probes and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged light chain 3B (LC3B) plasmids were employed to differentiate the types of massive vacuoles. By confocal microscopy, lysosome-like massive vacuoles (LysoTracker Deep Red+), autophagosome-like massive vacuoles (LC3B-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP+)), and autolysosome-like massive vacuoles (LC3B-EGFP+ LysoTracker Deep Red+) in starved HEK293T cells were observed. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that nutrient deficiency can induce the formation of massive vacuoles that appear highly electron-lucent in HEK293T cells. Additionally, these massive vacuoles, resulting from nutrient depletion, can originate from various organelles, including small vacuoles, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes. We found that massive vacuoles could form through two primary mechanisms: the accumulation of small vacuoles into larger vacuoles or the fusion of homogeneous or heterogeneous vacuoles. Further analysis revealed that the membranes of massive vacuoles, regardless of origin, were composed of a bilayer membrane structure. As the volume of the massive vacuoles increased, the cytoplasm and nucleus were displaced toward the periphery of the cells, leading to the formation of signet ring-like cells. Interestingly, we provided evidence that complete massive vacuoles or autophagosome-like massive vacuoles can be released and exist independently outside HEK293T cells. Conclusions: Nutrient deprivation induces the formation of heterogeneous, massive vacuoles in human embryonic kidney cells, some of which contribute to the development of signet ring cells, while others lead to extracellular vacuole formation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2768-6701 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark |
| spelling | doaj-art-caa538dd7b254a699cb57785b5bd27772025-01-25T08:55:52ZengIMR PressFrontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2768-67012025-01-013012679610.31083/FBL26796S2768-6701(24)01570-3The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney CellsDakang Sun0Xinye An1Yanli Cheng2Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603 Binzhou, Shandong, ChinaLaboratory of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603 Binzhou, Shandong, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 256603 Binzhou, Shandong, ChinaBackground: Cellular vacuolization is a commonly observed phenomenon under physiological and pathological conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying vacuole formation remain largely unresolved. Methods: LysoTracker Deep Red probes and Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged light chain 3B (LC3B) plasmids were employed to differentiate the types of massive vacuoles. By confocal microscopy, lysosome-like massive vacuoles (LysoTracker Deep Red+), autophagosome-like massive vacuoles (LC3B-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP+)), and autolysosome-like massive vacuoles (LC3B-EGFP+ LysoTracker Deep Red+) in starved HEK293T cells were observed. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that nutrient deficiency can induce the formation of massive vacuoles that appear highly electron-lucent in HEK293T cells. Additionally, these massive vacuoles, resulting from nutrient depletion, can originate from various organelles, including small vacuoles, autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes. We found that massive vacuoles could form through two primary mechanisms: the accumulation of small vacuoles into larger vacuoles or the fusion of homogeneous or heterogeneous vacuoles. Further analysis revealed that the membranes of massive vacuoles, regardless of origin, were composed of a bilayer membrane structure. As the volume of the massive vacuoles increased, the cytoplasm and nucleus were displaced toward the periphery of the cells, leading to the formation of signet ring-like cells. Interestingly, we provided evidence that complete massive vacuoles or autophagosome-like massive vacuoles can be released and exist independently outside HEK293T cells. Conclusions: Nutrient deprivation induces the formation of heterogeneous, massive vacuoles in human embryonic kidney cells, some of which contribute to the development of signet ring cells, while others lead to extracellular vacuole formation.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/30/1/10.31083/FBL26796cellular vacuolizationmassive vacuolenutrient deficiencysignet ring like cells |
| spellingShingle | Dakang Sun Xinye An Yanli Cheng The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark cellular vacuolization massive vacuole nutrient deficiency signet ring like cells |
| title | The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells |
| title_full | The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells |
| title_fullStr | The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells |
| title_short | The Formation and Features of Massive Vacuole Induced by Nutrient Deficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells |
| title_sort | formation and features of massive vacuole induced by nutrient deficiency in human embryonic kidney cells |
| topic | cellular vacuolization massive vacuole nutrient deficiency signet ring like cells |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/30/1/10.31083/FBL26796 |
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