A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality

The term ''immersion'' is frequently used to describe and evaluate technologies within the field of extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on immersion. However, there remain...

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Main Author: Hyunkook Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Computers in Human Behavior Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000788
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author Hyunkook Lee
author_facet Hyunkook Lee
author_sort Hyunkook Lee
collection DOAJ
description The term ''immersion'' is frequently used to describe and evaluate technologies within the field of extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on immersion. However, there remains a lack of consistency in how the term is defined and applied in the literature. Additionally, there is no clear and consistent conceptual hierarchy of related terms across different measurement models. To address these issues, this paper explores the multidimensionality of immersion, as well as associated concepts such as presence and involvement. From this, a unified conceptual model of immersive experience is proposed for future studies in XR. The model defines physical presence, social presence, self presence and involvement as the core dimensions of an immersive experience, which arise from sensorimotor, task/motor and narrative engagement. Plausibility, interactivity, and interestingness are identified as key properties of immersive systems and content that fascilitate engagement, each of which is influenced by subjective factors: internal reference, skills/knowledge and personal preference, respectively. This model provides a comprensive framework for researchers to measure immersive experiences more consistently and build a coherent body of research in XR.
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spelling doaj-art-caa3abac35704f739cc7501c7f9519b42025-08-20T03:22:04ZengElsevierComputers in Human Behavior Reports2451-95882025-05-011810066310.1016/j.chbr.2025.100663A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended realityHyunkook Lee0Applied Psychoacoustics Lab (APL), University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United KingdomThe term ''immersion'' is frequently used to describe and evaluate technologies within the field of extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Over the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on immersion. However, there remains a lack of consistency in how the term is defined and applied in the literature. Additionally, there is no clear and consistent conceptual hierarchy of related terms across different measurement models. To address these issues, this paper explores the multidimensionality of immersion, as well as associated concepts such as presence and involvement. From this, a unified conceptual model of immersive experience is proposed for future studies in XR. The model defines physical presence, social presence, self presence and involvement as the core dimensions of an immersive experience, which arise from sensorimotor, task/motor and narrative engagement. Plausibility, interactivity, and interestingness are identified as key properties of immersive systems and content that fascilitate engagement, each of which is influenced by subjective factors: internal reference, skills/knowledge and personal preference, respectively. This model provides a comprensive framework for researchers to measure immersive experiences more consistently and build a coherent body of research in XR.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000788ImmersionImmersive experienceConceptual modelExtended realityPresenceInvolvement
spellingShingle Hyunkook Lee
A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
Computers in Human Behavior Reports
Immersion
Immersive experience
Conceptual model
Extended reality
Presence
Involvement
title A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
title_full A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
title_fullStr A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
title_full_unstemmed A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
title_short A unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
title_sort unified conceptual model of immersive experience in extended reality
topic Immersion
Immersive experience
Conceptual model
Extended reality
Presence
Involvement
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000788
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