From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation

This article investigates how the design of policy reforms can influence their implementation, analyzing the case of initial teacher education and training (ITET) reforms in Italy. It addresses the following question: To what extent can the design of policy reforms, as codified in legal texts, help...

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Main Authors: Anna Malandrino, Maria Tullia Galanti, Giovanni Barbato
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-01-01
Series:Policy Design and Practice
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25741292.2025.2498257
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author Anna Malandrino
Maria Tullia Galanti
Giovanni Barbato
author_facet Anna Malandrino
Maria Tullia Galanti
Giovanni Barbato
author_sort Anna Malandrino
collection DOAJ
description This article investigates how the design of policy reforms can influence their implementation, analyzing the case of initial teacher education and training (ITET) reforms in Italy. It addresses the following question: To what extent can the design of policy reforms, as codified in legal texts, help explain subsequent implementation failures? Building on a framework that draws together insights from the policy evaluation literature and the policy analysis literature, it focuses on three key dimensions of design as reflected in legal texts: precision, internal coherence, and external coherence. The framework is applied to a within-case comparison of five major ITET reforms enacted between 1989 and 2019. The study, conducted through qualitative text analysis and process tracing, reveals how unclear policy goals, internal inconsistencies between objectives and instruments, and especially misalignment with recruitment systems as well as financial and administrative capacities undermine implementation. By bridging evaluation and design perspectives, the article offers an ex ante approach to understanding how policies-as-written can anticipate implementation failures.
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series Policy Design and Practice
spelling doaj-art-caa1fc87ace44fa98f6237bdad3a316b2025-08-20T02:08:45ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPolicy Design and Practice2574-12922025-01-018110612010.1080/25741292.2025.2498257From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementationAnna Malandrino0Maria Tullia Galanti1Giovanni Barbato2Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, ItalyUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Milano, ItalyUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Milano, ItalyThis article investigates how the design of policy reforms can influence their implementation, analyzing the case of initial teacher education and training (ITET) reforms in Italy. It addresses the following question: To what extent can the design of policy reforms, as codified in legal texts, help explain subsequent implementation failures? Building on a framework that draws together insights from the policy evaluation literature and the policy analysis literature, it focuses on three key dimensions of design as reflected in legal texts: precision, internal coherence, and external coherence. The framework is applied to a within-case comparison of five major ITET reforms enacted between 1989 and 2019. The study, conducted through qualitative text analysis and process tracing, reveals how unclear policy goals, internal inconsistencies between objectives and instruments, and especially misalignment with recruitment systems as well as financial and administrative capacities undermine implementation. By bridging evaluation and design perspectives, the article offers an ex ante approach to understanding how policies-as-written can anticipate implementation failures.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25741292.2025.2498257Policy designimplementation failureex-ante evaluationprocess tracingadministrative capacityeducation policy
spellingShingle Anna Malandrino
Maria Tullia Galanti
Giovanni Barbato
From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
Policy Design and Practice
Policy design
implementation failure
ex-ante evaluation
process tracing
administrative capacity
education policy
title From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
title_full From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
title_fullStr From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
title_full_unstemmed From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
title_short From paper to practice: how reform design shapes implementation
title_sort from paper to practice how reform design shapes implementation
topic Policy design
implementation failure
ex-ante evaluation
process tracing
administrative capacity
education policy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/25741292.2025.2498257
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