Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation

IntroductionPrevious research has suggested that mu-event-related desynchronization (mu-ERD) reflects neural activity associated with motor observation and execution, primarily within the sensorimotor cortex. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining robotic full-assist therapy with m...

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Main Authors: Hiroki Yasuda, Masaya Ueda, Keita Ueno, Yasuo Naito, Ryouhei Ishii, Takashi Takebayashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1571386/full
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author Hiroki Yasuda
Hiroki Yasuda
Masaya Ueda
Keita Ueno
Yasuo Naito
Ryouhei Ishii
Takashi Takebayashi
author_facet Hiroki Yasuda
Hiroki Yasuda
Masaya Ueda
Keita Ueno
Yasuo Naito
Ryouhei Ishii
Takashi Takebayashi
author_sort Hiroki Yasuda
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionPrevious research has suggested that mu-event-related desynchronization (mu-ERD) reflects neural activity associated with motor observation and execution, primarily within the sensorimotor cortex. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining robotic full-assist therapy with motor imagery on mu-ERD in healthy adults for potential application in stroke patients with severe upper limb paralysis.MethodsFifteen healthy adults were included in this study. Each participant performed three conditions using the ReoGo-J® robotic system: voluntary movement, full-assist robotic therapy without motor imagery, and full-assist robotic therapy with motor imagery. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure mu-ERD, focusing on the 8–10 Hz and 10–13 Hz frequency bands at the C3, C4, Cz, and Pz electrodes.ResultsSignificant differences in mu-ERD occurrence were observed at C3 (8–10 Hz) and C4 (10–13 Hz) between the conditions. The combination of motor imagery and robotic therapy demonstrated a higher frequency of mu-ERD occurrence than the other conditions, with moderate effect sizes. However, no significant differences in mu-ERD attenuation rates were found between the conditions. This suggests variability in individual responses.DiscussionThese findings highlight the potential of robotic full-assist therapy combined with motor imagery to stimulate neural mechanisms associated with motor recovery. Future studies should include a larger sample size and patients with stroke to validate these findings and explore their clinical applications.
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spelling doaj-art-caa0546f3f4b47718a3d56ca55157c112025-08-20T03:07:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612025-06-011910.3389/fnhum.2025.15713861571386Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitationHiroki Yasuda0Hiroki Yasuda1Masaya Ueda2Keita Ueno3Yasuo Naito4Ryouhei Ishii5Takashi Takebayashi6Department of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanTherapy Department, Takarazuka Rehabilitation Hospital, Takarazuka, JapanDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Habikino, JapanIntroductionPrevious research has suggested that mu-event-related desynchronization (mu-ERD) reflects neural activity associated with motor observation and execution, primarily within the sensorimotor cortex. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining robotic full-assist therapy with motor imagery on mu-ERD in healthy adults for potential application in stroke patients with severe upper limb paralysis.MethodsFifteen healthy adults were included in this study. Each participant performed three conditions using the ReoGo-J® robotic system: voluntary movement, full-assist robotic therapy without motor imagery, and full-assist robotic therapy with motor imagery. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure mu-ERD, focusing on the 8–10 Hz and 10–13 Hz frequency bands at the C3, C4, Cz, and Pz electrodes.ResultsSignificant differences in mu-ERD occurrence were observed at C3 (8–10 Hz) and C4 (10–13 Hz) between the conditions. The combination of motor imagery and robotic therapy demonstrated a higher frequency of mu-ERD occurrence than the other conditions, with moderate effect sizes. However, no significant differences in mu-ERD attenuation rates were found between the conditions. This suggests variability in individual responses.DiscussionThese findings highlight the potential of robotic full-assist therapy combined with motor imagery to stimulate neural mechanisms associated with motor recovery. Future studies should include a larger sample size and patients with stroke to validate these findings and explore their clinical applications.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1571386/fullmotor imageryrobotic therapymu-ERDstroke rehabilitationEEGsensorimotor cortex
spellingShingle Hiroki Yasuda
Hiroki Yasuda
Masaya Ueda
Keita Ueno
Yasuo Naito
Ryouhei Ishii
Takashi Takebayashi
Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
motor imagery
robotic therapy
mu-ERD
stroke rehabilitation
EEG
sensorimotor cortex
title Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
title_full Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
title_fullStr Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
title_short Enhancing mu-ERD through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery: a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
title_sort enhancing mu erd through combined robotic assistance and motor imagery a novel approach for upper limb rehabilitation
topic motor imagery
robotic therapy
mu-ERD
stroke rehabilitation
EEG
sensorimotor cortex
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2025.1571386/full
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