A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization
The Luang Prabang (Laos)–Loei (Thailand) metallogenic belt is located on the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block. It is one of the most important gold–copper metallogenic belts in Southeast Asia. This region underwent tectonic and magmatic evolution in the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic period withi...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Linnan Guo Khin Zaw Shusheng Liu Yongfei Yang Fei Nie Songyang Wu Meifeng Shi Chunmei Huang Xiangfei Zhang Huimin Liang Xiangting Zeng Siwei Xu |
| author_facet | Linnan Guo Khin Zaw Shusheng Liu Yongfei Yang Fei Nie Songyang Wu Meifeng Shi Chunmei Huang Xiangfei Zhang Huimin Liang Xiangting Zeng Siwei Xu |
| author_sort | Linnan Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Luang Prabang (Laos)–Loei (Thailand) metallogenic belt is located on the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block. It is one of the most important gold–copper metallogenic belts in Southeast Asia. This region underwent tectonic and magmatic evolution in the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic period within the Paleo-Tethys realm, resulting in complex metallogenic processes. Consequently, epithermal Au-Ag, porphyry-skarn Au-Cu, and hydrothermal vein-type gold deposits were formed. However, the genetic type of the vein-type gold deposits is still not fully understood. The relationship between the three types of gold deposits and the regional tectonic evolution has not been summarized up until today. We summarize the previous mineralization characteristics and exploration data of commonly known deposits and combine them with new evidence and ore deposit insights from our recent studies on the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids in the region. We confirm that the hydrothermal vein-type gold deposits in the belt are typical orogenic gold deposits. Based on previous regional tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic studies, metallogenic characteristics, and temporal and spatial distribution of three types of typical gold–copper deposits in the belt, we synthesize and establish a regional metallogenic model related to the subduction-closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and subsequent continental–continental collision process, resulting in the formation of epithermal Au-Ag during the late Permian-early Triassic subduction, porphyry-skarn Au-Cu in the early–middle Triassic period during the closure of the ocean, and orogenic Au during the late Triassic collision. Since there are few reports on the geochemical characteristics of gold–copper deposits and their related magmatic rocks, the potential for gold–copper mineralization and their links to the magmatic rocks in the belt still needs further study. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca912f61e30f47be8bb9b324cb0b7665 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca912f61e30f47be8bb9b324cb0b76652025-08-20T02:44:32ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632025-02-011526810.3390/geosciences15020068A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper MineralizationLinnan Guo0Khin Zaw1Shusheng Liu2Yongfei Yang3Fei Nie4Songyang Wu5Meifeng Shi6Chunmei Huang7Xiangfei Zhang8Huimin Liang9Xiangting Zeng10Siwei Xu11Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaCODES Centre of Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, AustraliaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaResearch Center of Applied Geology, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaChengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, ChinaThe Luang Prabang (Laos)–Loei (Thailand) metallogenic belt is located on the northwestern margin of the Indochina Block. It is one of the most important gold–copper metallogenic belts in Southeast Asia. This region underwent tectonic and magmatic evolution in the late Paleozoic-Mesozoic period within the Paleo-Tethys realm, resulting in complex metallogenic processes. Consequently, epithermal Au-Ag, porphyry-skarn Au-Cu, and hydrothermal vein-type gold deposits were formed. However, the genetic type of the vein-type gold deposits is still not fully understood. The relationship between the three types of gold deposits and the regional tectonic evolution has not been summarized up until today. We summarize the previous mineralization characteristics and exploration data of commonly known deposits and combine them with new evidence and ore deposit insights from our recent studies on the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids in the region. We confirm that the hydrothermal vein-type gold deposits in the belt are typical orogenic gold deposits. Based on previous regional tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic studies, metallogenic characteristics, and temporal and spatial distribution of three types of typical gold–copper deposits in the belt, we synthesize and establish a regional metallogenic model related to the subduction-closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and subsequent continental–continental collision process, resulting in the formation of epithermal Au-Ag during the late Permian-early Triassic subduction, porphyry-skarn Au-Cu in the early–middle Triassic period during the closure of the ocean, and orogenic Au during the late Triassic collision. Since there are few reports on the geochemical characteristics of gold–copper deposits and their related magmatic rocks, the potential for gold–copper mineralization and their links to the magmatic rocks in the belt still needs further study.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/2/68Paleo-Tethys tectonic-magmatic evolutionLuang Prabang–Loei metallogenic beltgold–copper metallogenesisorogenic gold deposits |
| spellingShingle | Linnan Guo Khin Zaw Shusheng Liu Yongfei Yang Fei Nie Songyang Wu Meifeng Shi Chunmei Huang Xiangfei Zhang Huimin Liang Xiangting Zeng Siwei Xu A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization Geosciences Paleo-Tethys tectonic-magmatic evolution Luang Prabang–Loei metallogenic belt gold–copper metallogenesis orogenic gold deposits |
| title | A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization |
| title_full | A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization |
| title_short | A Review of Carboniferous-Triassic Tectonic-Magmatic Evolution of Luang Prabang–Loei Metallogenic Belt in Laos and Thailand and Implications for Gold–Copper Mineralization |
| title_sort | review of carboniferous triassic tectonic magmatic evolution of luang prabang loei metallogenic belt in laos and thailand and implications for gold copper mineralization |
| topic | Paleo-Tethys tectonic-magmatic evolution Luang Prabang–Loei metallogenic belt gold–copper metallogenesis orogenic gold deposits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/15/2/68 |
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