Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundAcupuncture has been listed as an alternative treatment in several knee osteoarthritis (KOA) international guidelines. Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN), as a novel acupuncture therapy, has shown greater potential for treating KOA. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the e...

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Main Authors: Xiaohu Zhao, Jingxuan Liu, Dake Li, Shangkun Si, Xuanhe Tian, Deke Zhang, Ping Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1602699/full
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author Xiaohu Zhao
Jingxuan Liu
Dake Li
Shangkun Si
Xuanhe Tian
Deke Zhang
Ping Jiang
Ping Jiang
author_facet Xiaohu Zhao
Jingxuan Liu
Dake Li
Shangkun Si
Xuanhe Tian
Deke Zhang
Ping Jiang
Ping Jiang
author_sort Xiaohu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAcupuncture has been listed as an alternative treatment in several knee osteoarthritis (KOA) international guidelines. Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN), as a novel acupuncture therapy, has shown greater potential for treating KOA. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy and safety of FSN to routine acupuncture therapy (RAT) for KOA.MethodsChina National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Medical, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2025, and randomized controlled trials on FSN for KOA were included. The primary outcomes were total efficacy rate, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. Literature quality was assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 1.0. Heterogeneity among trials was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 values, determining model selection (fixed/random effects). The meta-analyses of included studies used odds ratios and mean differences when appropriate, along with significance threshold α = 0.1. The evidence was evaluated by the GRADE guideline. The PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews received this research for registration (CRD42024595903).ResultsA total of 14 studies were included (1,186 patients, with 594 in FSN group and 592 in RAT group). Primary outcomes: The total efficacy rate of the FSN group was significantly higher than that of the RAT group [OR = 3.83, 95% CI (2.36, 6.91), p < 0.01, n = 10, 470/467 participants]. FSN also demonstrated greater effectiveness in reducing VAS pain scores [MD = −1.44, 95% CI (−1.62, −1.26), p < 0.01, n = 6, 205/206 participants] and WOMAC scores [MD = −6.07, 95% CI (−8.16, −3.97), p < 0.01, n = 5, 160/161 participants]. Secondary outcomes: FSN group showed a greater reduction in inflammatory cytokines: IL-6 [MD = −1.50 ng/mL, 95% CI (−1.55, −1.46), p < 0.01, n = 4, 180/180 participants], TNF-α [MD = −2.26 pg/mL, 95% CI (−2.30, −2.23), p < 0.01, n = 4, 180/180 participants].ConclusionCompared to RAT for KOA, FSN demonstrates superior efficacy in alleviating pain, reducing inflammation, and improving joint dysfunction. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy of FSN.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024595903.
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spelling doaj-art-ca8bb720e5724204a070491d48cd524c2025-08-20T03:57:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-08-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16026991602699Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysisXiaohu Zhao0Jingxuan Liu1Dake Li2Shangkun Si3Xuanhe Tian4Deke Zhang5Ping Jiang6Ping Jiang7The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, ChinaDepartment of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaThe First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, ChinaBackgroundAcupuncture has been listed as an alternative treatment in several knee osteoarthritis (KOA) international guidelines. Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN), as a novel acupuncture therapy, has shown greater potential for treating KOA. The objective of this systematic review is to compare the efficacy and safety of FSN to routine acupuncture therapy (RAT) for KOA.MethodsChina National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Medical, Embase, PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2025, and randomized controlled trials on FSN for KOA were included. The primary outcomes were total efficacy rate, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores. Literature quality was assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 1.0. Heterogeneity among trials was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 values, determining model selection (fixed/random effects). The meta-analyses of included studies used odds ratios and mean differences when appropriate, along with significance threshold α = 0.1. The evidence was evaluated by the GRADE guideline. The PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews received this research for registration (CRD42024595903).ResultsA total of 14 studies were included (1,186 patients, with 594 in FSN group and 592 in RAT group). Primary outcomes: The total efficacy rate of the FSN group was significantly higher than that of the RAT group [OR = 3.83, 95% CI (2.36, 6.91), p < 0.01, n = 10, 470/467 participants]. FSN also demonstrated greater effectiveness in reducing VAS pain scores [MD = −1.44, 95% CI (−1.62, −1.26), p < 0.01, n = 6, 205/206 participants] and WOMAC scores [MD = −6.07, 95% CI (−8.16, −3.97), p < 0.01, n = 5, 160/161 participants]. Secondary outcomes: FSN group showed a greater reduction in inflammatory cytokines: IL-6 [MD = −1.50 ng/mL, 95% CI (−1.55, −1.46), p < 0.01, n = 4, 180/180 participants], TNF-α [MD = −2.26 pg/mL, 95% CI (−2.30, −2.23), p < 0.01, n = 4, 180/180 participants].ConclusionCompared to RAT for KOA, FSN demonstrates superior efficacy in alleviating pain, reducing inflammation, and improving joint dysfunction. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy of FSN.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024595903.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1602699/fullacupunctureFu’s subcutaneous needlingmeta-analysisosteoarthritisrandomized controlled trials
spellingShingle Xiaohu Zhao
Jingxuan Liu
Dake Li
Shangkun Si
Xuanhe Tian
Deke Zhang
Ping Jiang
Ping Jiang
Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Frontiers in Medicine
acupuncture
Fu’s subcutaneous needling
meta-analysis
osteoarthritis
randomized controlled trials
title Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Fu’s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort fu s subcutaneous needling for knee osteoarthritis a systematic review and meta analysis
topic acupuncture
Fu’s subcutaneous needling
meta-analysis
osteoarthritis
randomized controlled trials
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1602699/full
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