Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array
This paper proposes an ultra-wideband frequency-invariant beamforming (FIB) using a generalized nesting array. To implement ultra-wideband (9:1 bandwidth ratio) FIB with a reduced number of array elements, the target frequency band is divided into subbands. The subarrays have integer multiples of in...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587016/ |
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| author | Taeho Yu Jin Myeong Heo Cheolsun Park Yong Ku Jeon Gangil Byun |
| author_facet | Taeho Yu Jin Myeong Heo Cheolsun Park Yong Ku Jeon Gangil Byun |
| author_sort | Taeho Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes an ultra-wideband frequency-invariant beamforming (FIB) using a generalized nesting array. To implement ultra-wideband (9:1 bandwidth ratio) FIB with a reduced number of array elements, the target frequency band is divided into subbands. The subarrays have integer multiples of inter-element spacing of half-wavelength at the maximum frequency according to the bandwidth ratio of subbands. Due to this integer multiple relationships, the array elements of the subarrays are superimposed so that the total number of array elements is reduced while maintaining FIB performance over the target frequency band. Then, the FIB weights are derived based on the desired beam pattern using the inverse Fourier transform. A Bartlett beamformer is used to generate FIB patterns of the proposed nesting array. In addition, we investigate the interrelationship between the minimum required number of array elements and design parameters (target bandwidth, beamwidth, and side lobe level). For validation, 21 printed log-periodic dipole array antennas are fabricated and measured. The direction finding performance is evaluated and compared to that of a 35-element uniform linear array. The direction of arrival (DoA) estimation results of the proposed array show a root-mean-square error of less than 2.02° for an incident angle within ±50° when a signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB. It is demonstrated that the proposed array exhibits ultra-wideband FIB performance similar to a conventional uniform linear array but with much fewer elements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca69450313cf48c0adf5077fa6fe18c3 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2637-6431 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca69450313cf48c0adf5077fa6fe18c32025-08-20T01:56:57ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation2637-64312024-01-01551403141310.1109/OJAP.2024.342420910587016Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting ArrayTaeho Yu0Jin Myeong Heo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1896-7469Cheolsun Park2Yong Ku Jeon3Gangil Byun4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-9205Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South KoreaRadar & EW Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, South KoreaResearch and Development Center, QNION Company Ltd., Daejeon, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South KoreaThis paper proposes an ultra-wideband frequency-invariant beamforming (FIB) using a generalized nesting array. To implement ultra-wideband (9:1 bandwidth ratio) FIB with a reduced number of array elements, the target frequency band is divided into subbands. The subarrays have integer multiples of inter-element spacing of half-wavelength at the maximum frequency according to the bandwidth ratio of subbands. Due to this integer multiple relationships, the array elements of the subarrays are superimposed so that the total number of array elements is reduced while maintaining FIB performance over the target frequency band. Then, the FIB weights are derived based on the desired beam pattern using the inverse Fourier transform. A Bartlett beamformer is used to generate FIB patterns of the proposed nesting array. In addition, we investigate the interrelationship between the minimum required number of array elements and design parameters (target bandwidth, beamwidth, and side lobe level). For validation, 21 printed log-periodic dipole array antennas are fabricated and measured. The direction finding performance is evaluated and compared to that of a 35-element uniform linear array. The direction of arrival (DoA) estimation results of the proposed array show a root-mean-square error of less than 2.02° for an incident angle within ±50° when a signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB. It is demonstrated that the proposed array exhibits ultra-wideband FIB performance similar to a conventional uniform linear array but with much fewer elements.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587016/Frequency-invariant beamformingnesting arrayultra-widebanddirection findingantenna array |
| spellingShingle | Taeho Yu Jin Myeong Heo Cheolsun Park Yong Ku Jeon Gangil Byun Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Frequency-invariant beamforming nesting array ultra-wideband direction finding antenna array |
| title | Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array |
| title_full | Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array |
| title_fullStr | Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array |
| title_short | Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array |
| title_sort | ultra wideband frequency invariant beamforming using a generalized nesting array |
| topic | Frequency-invariant beamforming nesting array ultra-wideband direction finding antenna array |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587016/ |
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