Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission

Control of Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) crop pests has traditionally relied on heavy insecticide use. Baculoviruses (BV) from the genera Alphabaculovirus and Betabaculovirus offer effective, species-specific alternatives for managing their outbreaks. Joint use of BVs with natural enemies...

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Main Authors: Beatriz Dáder, Ariel Morel, Delia Muñoz, Primitivo Caballero, Pilar Medina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Biological Control
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964425000179
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author Beatriz Dáder
Ariel Morel
Delia Muñoz
Primitivo Caballero
Pilar Medina
author_facet Beatriz Dáder
Ariel Morel
Delia Muñoz
Primitivo Caballero
Pilar Medina
author_sort Beatriz Dáder
collection DOAJ
description Control of Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) crop pests has traditionally relied on heavy insecticide use. Baculoviruses (BV) from the genera Alphabaculovirus and Betabaculovirus offer effective, species-specific alternatives for managing their outbreaks. Joint use of BVs with natural enemies, such as parasitoids, could further enhance control of Spodoptera spp. by contributing to virus dispersion. In a series of experiments, we studied the optimal host age and parasitization duration of the endoparasitoid Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for parasitoid production, as well as the parasitoid preference and mechanical transmission of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (SeMNPV and SpliMNPV). We found that parasitoid progeny production was significantly lower when parasitized eggs were either too young (24 h) or too old (96 h), highlighting the importance of host egg age. Additionally, there was an increasing trend in parasitoid offspring production with longer parasitization exposure times, particularly at 6 and 24 h compared to shorter durations. Chelonus inanitus did not discriminate between SpliMNPV-contaminated and non-contaminated eggs, but had a remarkable preference for SeMNPV-contaminated eggs. The parasitoid effectively dispersed BVs, not only from BV-treated eggs to heathy ones by parasitization, but also, and even more efficiently, by the sole contact with a contaminated surface without eggs. Understanding complex BV-parasitoid interactions is crucial for developing integrated pest management strategies that maximize the efficacy of both parasites.
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spelling doaj-art-ca66f17c469b4818b6d79aa630c273bb2025-08-20T02:02:24ZengElsevierBiological Control1049-96442025-03-0120210570710.1016/j.biocontrol.2025.105707Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmissionBeatriz Dáder0Ariel Morel1Delia Muñoz2Primitivo Caballero3Pilar Medina4Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, SpainUnidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, SpainDepartamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, SpainUnidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Control of Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) crop pests has traditionally relied on heavy insecticide use. Baculoviruses (BV) from the genera Alphabaculovirus and Betabaculovirus offer effective, species-specific alternatives for managing their outbreaks. Joint use of BVs with natural enemies, such as parasitoids, could further enhance control of Spodoptera spp. by contributing to virus dispersion. In a series of experiments, we studied the optimal host age and parasitization duration of the endoparasitoid Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for parasitoid production, as well as the parasitoid preference and mechanical transmission of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses (SeMNPV and SpliMNPV). We found that parasitoid progeny production was significantly lower when parasitized eggs were either too young (24 h) or too old (96 h), highlighting the importance of host egg age. Additionally, there was an increasing trend in parasitoid offspring production with longer parasitization exposure times, particularly at 6 and 24 h compared to shorter durations. Chelonus inanitus did not discriminate between SpliMNPV-contaminated and non-contaminated eggs, but had a remarkable preference for SeMNPV-contaminated eggs. The parasitoid effectively dispersed BVs, not only from BV-treated eggs to heathy ones by parasitization, but also, and even more efficiently, by the sole contact with a contaminated surface without eggs. Understanding complex BV-parasitoid interactions is crucial for developing integrated pest management strategies that maximize the efficacy of both parasites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964425000179Spodoptera exiguaSpodoptera littoralisAlphabaculovirusParasitoidBraconidaeBiological control
spellingShingle Beatriz Dáder
Ariel Morel
Delia Muñoz
Primitivo Caballero
Pilar Medina
Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
Biological Control
Spodoptera exigua
Spodoptera littoralis
Alphabaculovirus
Parasitoid
Braconidae
Biological control
title Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
title_full Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
title_fullStr Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
title_short Harnessing Chelonus inanitus for efficient Spodoptera spp. management: Learning about production to explore roles in Baculovirus transmission
title_sort harnessing chelonus inanitus for efficient spodoptera spp management learning about production to explore roles in baculovirus transmission
topic Spodoptera exigua
Spodoptera littoralis
Alphabaculovirus
Parasitoid
Braconidae
Biological control
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964425000179
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