The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators

Users of quantum mechanics are familiar with the concept of a statistical mixture as introduced by von Neumann, and with the use of a density operator in that context. A density operator may also be used in another situation, introduced by Landau, with a transient coupling between the two parts of a...

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Main Authors: Alain Deville, Yannick Deville
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Information
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/558
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author Alain Deville
Yannick Deville
author_facet Alain Deville
Yannick Deville
author_sort Alain Deville
collection DOAJ
description Users of quantum mechanics are familiar with the concept of a statistical mixture as introduced by von Neumann, and with the use of a density operator in that context. A density operator may also be used in another situation, introduced by Landau, with a transient coupling between the two parts of a quantum bipartite system. But more than fifty years after a clarifying work by Feynman on the subject, a confusion still persists about what we call the Landau-Feynman situation. In this paper we establish that, when facing that situation, the right concept to be used is not the one of a mixed state - be it qualified as proper or improper -, but the one of entanglement.
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spelling doaj-art-ca5989bfb0ae4b4a8910a264d86754302025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892025-06-0116755810.3390/info16070558The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density OperatorsAlain Deville0Yannick Deville1Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, F-13397 Marseille, FranceIRAP (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, FranceUsers of quantum mechanics are familiar with the concept of a statistical mixture as introduced by von Neumann, and with the use of a density operator in that context. A density operator may also be used in another situation, introduced by Landau, with a transient coupling between the two parts of a quantum bipartite system. But more than fifty years after a clarifying work by Feynman on the subject, a confusion still persists about what we call the Landau-Feynman situation. In this paper we establish that, when facing that situation, the right concept to be used is not the one of a mixed state - be it qualified as proper or improper -, but the one of entanglement.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/558quantum state tomographybipartite systemtransient couplingdensity operatorentanglementimproper mixture
spellingShingle Alain Deville
Yannick Deville
The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
Information
quantum state tomography
bipartite system
transient coupling
density operator
entanglement
improper mixture
title The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
title_full The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
title_fullStr The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
title_full_unstemmed The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
title_short The Landau-Feynman Transiently Open Quantum System: Entanglement and Density Operators
title_sort landau feynman transiently open quantum system entanglement and density operators
topic quantum state tomography
bipartite system
transient coupling
density operator
entanglement
improper mixture
url https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/16/7/558
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