Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor
Understanding how elemental abundances evolve during solar flares helps shed light on the mass and energy transfer between different solar atmospheric layers. However, prior studies have mostly concentrated on averaged abundances or specific flare phases, leaving a gap in exploring the comprehensive...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5da3 |
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| author | Man-Hei Ng Chi-Long Tang Xiaoping Zhang Kuan-Vai Tam Peng-Fei Chen Wudong Dong Jing Li Chi-Pui Tang |
| author_facet | Man-Hei Ng Chi-Long Tang Xiaoping Zhang Kuan-Vai Tam Peng-Fei Chen Wudong Dong Jing Li Chi-Pui Tang |
| author_sort | Man-Hei Ng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding how elemental abundances evolve during solar flares helps shed light on the mass and energy transfer between different solar atmospheric layers. However, prior studies have mostly concentrated on averaged abundances or specific flare phases, leaving a gap in exploring the comprehensive observations throughout the entire flare process. Consequently, investigations into this area are relatively scarce. Exploiting the Solar X-Ray Monitor data obtained from the Chang’E-2 lunar orbiter, we present two comprehensive soft X-ray spectroscopic observations of flares in active regions, AR 11149 and 11158, demonstrating elemental abundance evolutions under different conditions. Our findings unveil the inverse first ionization potential (IFIP) effect during flares for Fe for the first time, and reaffirm its existence for Si. Additionally, we observed a rare depletion of elemental abundances, marking the second IFIP effect in flare decay phases. Our study offers a CSHKP model-based interpretation to elucidate the formation of both the FIP and IFIP effects in flare dynamics, with the inertia effect being incorporated into the ponderomotive force fractionation model. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca56796a26f64c06b061cc724eb2a559 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca56796a26f64c06b061cc724eb2a5592025-08-20T01:57:48ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01972112310.3847/1538-4357/ad5da3Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray MonitorMan-Hei Ng0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-0138Chi-Long Tang1https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8352-6281Xiaoping Zhang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-5213Kuan-Vai Tam3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0834-0187Peng-Fei Chen4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-642XWudong Dong5Jing Li6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-7309Chi-Pui Tang7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6367-9530State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China ; xpzhang@must.edu.mo; China National Space Administration (CNSA) , Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau 999078, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China ; xpzhang@must.edu.mo; China National Space Administration (CNSA) , Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau 999078, People's Republic of ChinaState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China ; xpzhang@must.edu.mo; China National Space Administration (CNSA) , Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau 999078, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of ChinaGuangdong Planning and Designing Institute of Telecommunications Co., Ltd. , Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USAState Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau 999078, People's Republic of China ; xpzhang@must.edu.mo; China National Space Administration (CNSA) , Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science, Macau 999078, People's Republic of ChinaUnderstanding how elemental abundances evolve during solar flares helps shed light on the mass and energy transfer between different solar atmospheric layers. However, prior studies have mostly concentrated on averaged abundances or specific flare phases, leaving a gap in exploring the comprehensive observations throughout the entire flare process. Consequently, investigations into this area are relatively scarce. Exploiting the Solar X-Ray Monitor data obtained from the Chang’E-2 lunar orbiter, we present two comprehensive soft X-ray spectroscopic observations of flares in active regions, AR 11149 and 11158, demonstrating elemental abundance evolutions under different conditions. Our findings unveil the inverse first ionization potential (IFIP) effect during flares for Fe for the first time, and reaffirm its existence for Si. Additionally, we observed a rare depletion of elemental abundances, marking the second IFIP effect in flare decay phases. Our study offers a CSHKP model-based interpretation to elucidate the formation of both the FIP and IFIP effects in flare dynamics, with the inertia effect being incorporated into the ponderomotive force fractionation model.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5da3Solar abundancesSolar flaresSunspotsSolar magnetic fields |
| spellingShingle | Man-Hei Ng Chi-Long Tang Xiaoping Zhang Kuan-Vai Tam Peng-Fei Chen Wudong Dong Jing Li Chi-Pui Tang Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor The Astrophysical Journal Solar abundances Solar flares Sunspots Solar magnetic fields |
| title | Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor |
| title_full | Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor |
| title_short | Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor |
| title_sort | unveiling mass transfer in solar flares insights from elemental abundance evolutions observed by chang e 2 solar x ray monitor |
| topic | Solar abundances Solar flares Sunspots Solar magnetic fields |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5da3 |
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