Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning
Abstract Nailfold Capillaroscopy (NFC) is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool used to detect microvascular changes in nailfold. Chronic pathological changes associated with a wide range of systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and rheumatological conditions like systemic...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85277-8 |
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| author | Mona Ebadi Jalal Omar S. Emam Cristián Castillo-Olea Begoña García-Zapirain Adel Elmaghraby |
| author_facet | Mona Ebadi Jalal Omar S. Emam Cristián Castillo-Olea Begoña García-Zapirain Adel Elmaghraby |
| author_sort | Mona Ebadi Jalal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Nailfold Capillaroscopy (NFC) is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool used to detect microvascular changes in nailfold. Chronic pathological changes associated with a wide range of systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and rheumatological conditions like systemic sclerosis, can manifest as observable microvascular changes in the terminal capillaries of nailfolds. The current gold standard relies on experts performing manual evaluations, which is an exhaustive time-intensive, and subjective process. In this study, we demonstrate the viability of a deep learning approach as an automated clinical screening tool. Our dataset consists of NFC images from a total of 225 participants, with normal images accounting for 6% of the dataset. This study introduces a robust framework utilizing cascade transfer learning based on EfficientNet-B0 to differentiate between normal and abnormal cases within NFC images. The results demonstrate that pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 on the ImageNet dataset, followed by transfer learning from domain-specific classes, significantly enhances the classifier’s performance in distinguishing between Normal and Abnormal classes. Our proposed model achieved superior performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC_AUC of 1.00, significantly outperforming both models of single transfer learning on the pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 and cascade transfer learning on a convolutional neural network, which each attained an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 0.67 and a ROC_AUC of 0.83. The framework demonstrates the potential to facilitate early preventive measures and timely interventions that aim to improve healthcare delivery and patients’ quality of life. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca5465d4f08c451ab995e649200723d7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca5465d4f08c451ab995e649200723d72025-01-19T12:20:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-85277-8Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learningMona Ebadi Jalal0Omar S. Emam1Cristián Castillo-Olea2Begoña García-Zapirain3Adel Elmaghraby4Hive AI Innovation Studio, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of LouisvilleHive AI Innovation Studio, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of LouisvilleLa Salle UniversityeVIDA Lab, University of DeustoHive AI Innovation Studio, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of LouisvilleAbstract Nailfold Capillaroscopy (NFC) is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic tool used to detect microvascular changes in nailfold. Chronic pathological changes associated with a wide range of systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and rheumatological conditions like systemic sclerosis, can manifest as observable microvascular changes in the terminal capillaries of nailfolds. The current gold standard relies on experts performing manual evaluations, which is an exhaustive time-intensive, and subjective process. In this study, we demonstrate the viability of a deep learning approach as an automated clinical screening tool. Our dataset consists of NFC images from a total of 225 participants, with normal images accounting for 6% of the dataset. This study introduces a robust framework utilizing cascade transfer learning based on EfficientNet-B0 to differentiate between normal and abnormal cases within NFC images. The results demonstrate that pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 on the ImageNet dataset, followed by transfer learning from domain-specific classes, significantly enhances the classifier’s performance in distinguishing between Normal and Abnormal classes. Our proposed model achieved superior performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and ROC_AUC of 1.00, significantly outperforming both models of single transfer learning on the pre-trained EfficientNet-B0 and cascade transfer learning on a convolutional neural network, which each attained an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 0.67 and a ROC_AUC of 0.83. The framework demonstrates the potential to facilitate early preventive measures and timely interventions that aim to improve healthcare delivery and patients’ quality of life.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85277-8Nailfold capillaroscopyAbnormality detectionClassificationTransfer learningDeep learning |
| spellingShingle | Mona Ebadi Jalal Omar S. Emam Cristián Castillo-Olea Begoña García-Zapirain Adel Elmaghraby Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning Scientific Reports Nailfold capillaroscopy Abnormality detection Classification Transfer learning Deep learning |
| title | Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning |
| title_full | Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning |
| title_fullStr | Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning |
| title_short | Abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with EfficientNet and cascade transfer learning |
| title_sort | abnormality detection in nailfold capillary images using deep learning with efficientnet and cascade transfer learning |
| topic | Nailfold capillaroscopy Abnormality detection Classification Transfer learning Deep learning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85277-8 |
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