A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells

Interfacial energy mismatch and carrier recombination at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface significantly limit the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We present a bifunctional dual-layer electron transport layer consisting of a floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure integr...

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Main Author: Nouf Alharbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000528
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author Nouf Alharbi
author_facet Nouf Alharbi
author_sort Nouf Alharbi
collection DOAJ
description Interfacial energy mismatch and carrier recombination at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface significantly limit the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We present a bifunctional dual-layer electron transport layer consisting of a floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure integrated on SnO2 to address these limitations. The TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure, formed through the partial oxidation of hydrothermally produced TiB2 nanoflakes, exhibits advantageous energy band alignment and provides a robust internal electric field at the buried interface, as confirmed by UPS, Mott–Schottky, and KPFM studies. This facilitates effective charge extraction, diminishes trap-assisted recombination, and improves perovskite crystallization while minimizing lattice strain. The optimized dual-layer ETL attains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.5 %, with a VOC of 1.201 V, J_SC of 24.5 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 78.81 % in n–i–p structured perovskite solar cells utilizing α-FAPbI3. Improved charge carrier mobility and reduced trap density were validated by SCLC, TRPL, and EIS studies. The gadget demonstrates outstanding operational and environmental stability under heat, moisture, and prolonged light-stress conditions. This study presents a scalable approach for interfacial engineering of dual-layer electron transport layers to achieve extremely efficient and durable perovskite photovoltaics.
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spelling doaj-art-ca41bfb653a443388d1c32d5c042543b2025-08-20T03:49:46ZengElsevierJournal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices2468-21792025-09-0110310089910.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100899A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cellsNouf Alharbi0Corresponding author.; Department of Physical Sciences, Physics Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaInterfacial energy mismatch and carrier recombination at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface significantly limit the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We present a bifunctional dual-layer electron transport layer consisting of a floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure integrated on SnO2 to address these limitations. The TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure, formed through the partial oxidation of hydrothermally produced TiB2 nanoflakes, exhibits advantageous energy band alignment and provides a robust internal electric field at the buried interface, as confirmed by UPS, Mott–Schottky, and KPFM studies. This facilitates effective charge extraction, diminishes trap-assisted recombination, and improves perovskite crystallization while minimizing lattice strain. The optimized dual-layer ETL attains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.5 %, with a VOC of 1.201 V, J_SC of 24.5 mA cm−2, and a fill factor of 78.81 % in n–i–p structured perovskite solar cells utilizing α-FAPbI3. Improved charge carrier mobility and reduced trap density were validated by SCLC, TRPL, and EIS studies. The gadget demonstrates outstanding operational and environmental stability under heat, moisture, and prolonged light-stress conditions. This study presents a scalable approach for interfacial engineering of dual-layer electron transport layers to achieve extremely efficient and durable perovskite photovoltaics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000528TiO2–TiB2SnO2HeterostructurePerovskite solar cellsPSCs
spellingShingle Nouf Alharbi
A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices
TiO2–TiB2
SnO2
Heterostructure
Perovskite solar cells
PSCs
title A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
title_full A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
title_fullStr A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
title_full_unstemmed A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
title_short A bifunctional floral TiO2–TiB2 heterostructure buried interface on SnO2 for 23.5 % efficient n–i–p perovskite solar cells
title_sort bifunctional floral tio2 tib2 heterostructure buried interface on sno2 for 23 5 efficient n i p perovskite solar cells
topic TiO2–TiB2
SnO2
Heterostructure
Perovskite solar cells
PSCs
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925000528
work_keys_str_mv AT noufalharbi abifunctionalfloraltio2tib2heterostructureburiedinterfaceonsno2for235efficientnipperovskitesolarcells
AT noufalharbi bifunctionalfloraltio2tib2heterostructureburiedinterfaceonsno2for235efficientnipperovskitesolarcells