Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults

Background: Eye–hand coordination (EHC) plays a critical role in daily activities and is affected by monocular vision impairment. This study evaluates existing EHC tests to detect performance decline under monocular conditions, supports the assessment and monitoring of vision rehabilitation, and qua...

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Main Authors: Michael Mendes Wefelnberg, Felix Bargstedt, Marcel Lippert, Freerk T. Baumann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Eye Movement Research
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1995-8692/18/3/14
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author Michael Mendes Wefelnberg
Felix Bargstedt
Marcel Lippert
Freerk T. Baumann
author_facet Michael Mendes Wefelnberg
Felix Bargstedt
Marcel Lippert
Freerk T. Baumann
author_sort Michael Mendes Wefelnberg
collection DOAJ
description Background: Eye–hand coordination (EHC) plays a critical role in daily activities and is affected by monocular vision impairment. This study evaluates existing EHC tests to detect performance decline under monocular conditions, supports the assessment and monitoring of vision rehabilitation, and quantifies the binocular advantage of each test. Methods: A total of 70 healthy sports students (aged 19–30 years) participated in four EHC tests: the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), Finger–Nose Test (FNT), Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test (AHWTT), and Loop-Wire Test (LWT). Each participant completed the tests under both binocular and monocular conditions in a randomized order, with assessments conducted by two independent raters. Performance differences, binocular advantage, effect sizes, and interrater reliability were analyzed. Results: Data from 66 participants were included in the final analysis. Significant performance differences between binocular and monocular conditions were observed for the LWT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AHWTT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and PPT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with a clear binocular advantage and large effect sizes (SMD range: 0.583–1.660) for the AHWTT and LWT. Female participants performed better in fine motor tasks, while males demonstrated superior performance in gross motor tasks. Binocular performance averages aligned with published reference values. Conclusions: The findings support the inclusion of the LWT and AHWTT in clinical protocols to assess and assist individuals with monocular vision impairment, particularly following sudden uniocular vision loss. Future research should extend these findings to different age groups and clinically relevant populations.
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spelling doaj-art-ca3bf67200d24ae682944851f42a797c2025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGJournal of Eye Movement Research1995-86922025-05-011831410.3390/jemr18030014Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy AdultsMichael Mendes Wefelnberg0Felix Bargstedt1Marcel Lippert2Freerk T. Baumann3Department 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, University Hospital Cologne, 50379 Cologne, GermanyDepartment 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, University Hospital Cologne, 50379 Cologne, GermanyDepartment 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, University Hospital Cologne, 50379 Cologne, GermanyDepartment 1 of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, University Hospital Cologne, 50379 Cologne, GermanyBackground: Eye–hand coordination (EHC) plays a critical role in daily activities and is affected by monocular vision impairment. This study evaluates existing EHC tests to detect performance decline under monocular conditions, supports the assessment and monitoring of vision rehabilitation, and quantifies the binocular advantage of each test. Methods: A total of 70 healthy sports students (aged 19–30 years) participated in four EHC tests: the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), Finger–Nose Test (FNT), Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test (AHWTT), and Loop-Wire Test (LWT). Each participant completed the tests under both binocular and monocular conditions in a randomized order, with assessments conducted by two independent raters. Performance differences, binocular advantage, effect sizes, and interrater reliability were analyzed. Results: Data from 66 participants were included in the final analysis. Significant performance differences between binocular and monocular conditions were observed for the LWT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AHWTT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and PPT (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with a clear binocular advantage and large effect sizes (SMD range: 0.583–1.660) for the AHWTT and LWT. Female participants performed better in fine motor tasks, while males demonstrated superior performance in gross motor tasks. Binocular performance averages aligned with published reference values. Conclusions: The findings support the inclusion of the LWT and AHWTT in clinical protocols to assess and assist individuals with monocular vision impairment, particularly following sudden uniocular vision loss. Future research should extend these findings to different age groups and clinically relevant populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1995-8692/18/3/14eye–hand coordination testsvaliditymonocularstereopsisassessment
spellingShingle Michael Mendes Wefelnberg
Felix Bargstedt
Marcel Lippert
Freerk T. Baumann
Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
Journal of Eye Movement Research
eye–hand coordination tests
validity
monocular
stereopsis
assessment
title Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
title_full Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
title_fullStr Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
title_full_unstemmed Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
title_short Binocular Advantage in Established Eye–Hand Coordination Tests in Young and Healthy Adults
title_sort binocular advantage in established eye hand coordination tests in young and healthy adults
topic eye–hand coordination tests
validity
monocular
stereopsis
assessment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1995-8692/18/3/14
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AT marcellippert binocularadvantageinestablishedeyehandcoordinationtestsinyoungandhealthyadults
AT freerktbaumann binocularadvantageinestablishedeyehandcoordinationtestsinyoungandhealthyadults