TIGIT deficiency promotes autoreactive CD4+ T-cell responses through a metabolic‒epigenetic mechanism in autoimmune myositis

Abstract Polymyositis (PM) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by muscular inflammatory infiltrates and degeneration. T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) contributes to immune tolerance by inhibiting T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Here, we show that a reduced expression...

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Main Authors: Yimei Lai, Shuang Wang, Tingting Ren, Jia Shi, Yichao Qian, Shuyi Wang, Mianjing Zhou, Ryu Watanabe, Mengyuan Li, Xinyuan Ruan, Xin Wang, Lili Zhuang, Zunfu Ke, Niansheng Yang, Yuefang Huang, Hui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59786-z
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Summary:Abstract Polymyositis (PM) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by muscular inflammatory infiltrates and degeneration. T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) contributes to immune tolerance by inhibiting T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Here, we show that a reduced expression of TIGIT in CD4+ T cells from patients with PM promotes these cells’ differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells, which could be rescued by TIGIT overexpression. Knockout of TIGIT enhances muscle inflammation in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis. Mechanistically, we find that TIGIT deficiency enhances CD28-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR co-stimulatory pathway, which promotes glucose oxidation, citrate production, and increased cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels, ultimately inducing epigenetic reprogramming via histone acetylation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of histone acetylation suppresses the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, alleviating muscle inflammation. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanism by which TIGIT directly affects the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 T cells through metabolic‒epigenetic reprogramming, with important implications for treating systemic autoimmune diseases.
ISSN:2041-1723