CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems

Neural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. While these operators perform effectively in either the time or frequency domain, their performance may be limited when applied to non-stationary spatial or temporal signals whose frequency characterist...

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Main Authors: Karn Tiwari, N. M. Anoop Krishnan, Prathosh A. P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-06-01
Series:APL Machine Learning
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0254013
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author Karn Tiwari
N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Prathosh A. P.
author_facet Karn Tiwari
N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Prathosh A. P.
author_sort Karn Tiwari
collection DOAJ
description Neural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. While these operators perform effectively in either the time or frequency domain, their performance may be limited when applied to non-stationary spatial or temporal signals whose frequency characteristics change with time. Here, we introduce a Complex Neural Operator (CoNO) that parameterizes the integral kernel using fractional Fourier transform, better representing non-stationary signals in a complex-valued domain. Theoretically, we prove the universal approximation capability of CoNO. We perform an extensive empirical evaluation of CoNO on seven challenging partial differential equations, including regular grids, structured meshes, and point clouds. Empirically, CoNO consistently attains a state-of-the-art performance, showcasing an average relative gain of 10.9%. Furthermore, CoNO exhibits superior performance, outperforming all other models in additional tasks, such as zero-shot super-resolution and robustness to noise. CoNO also exhibits the ability to learn from small amounts of data—giving the same performance as the next best model with just 60% of the training data. Altogether, CoNO presents a robust and superior model for modeling continuous dynamical systems, providing a fillip to scientific machine learning.
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spelling doaj-art-ca2b1166b96f4e6da6633071cbf2be5d2025-08-20T03:14:57ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Machine Learning2770-90192025-06-0132026101026101-1410.1063/5.0254013CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systemsKarn Tiwari0N. M. Anoop Krishnan1Prathosh A. P.2Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru 560012, IndiaYardi School of Artificial Intelligence Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Bengaluru 560012, IndiaNeural operators extend data-driven models to map between infinite-dimensional functional spaces. While these operators perform effectively in either the time or frequency domain, their performance may be limited when applied to non-stationary spatial or temporal signals whose frequency characteristics change with time. Here, we introduce a Complex Neural Operator (CoNO) that parameterizes the integral kernel using fractional Fourier transform, better representing non-stationary signals in a complex-valued domain. Theoretically, we prove the universal approximation capability of CoNO. We perform an extensive empirical evaluation of CoNO on seven challenging partial differential equations, including regular grids, structured meshes, and point clouds. Empirically, CoNO consistently attains a state-of-the-art performance, showcasing an average relative gain of 10.9%. Furthermore, CoNO exhibits superior performance, outperforming all other models in additional tasks, such as zero-shot super-resolution and robustness to noise. CoNO also exhibits the ability to learn from small amounts of data—giving the same performance as the next best model with just 60% of the training data. Altogether, CoNO presents a robust and superior model for modeling continuous dynamical systems, providing a fillip to scientific machine learning.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0254013
spellingShingle Karn Tiwari
N. M. Anoop Krishnan
Prathosh A. P.
CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
APL Machine Learning
title CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
title_full CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
title_fullStr CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
title_full_unstemmed CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
title_short CoNO: Complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
title_sort cono complex neural operator for continous dynamical physical systems
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0254013
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AT nmanoopkrishnan conocomplexneuraloperatorforcontinousdynamicalphysicalsystems
AT prathoshap conocomplexneuraloperatorforcontinousdynamicalphysicalsystems