Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It includes chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PRE), and CH with superimposed preeclampsia (SPE).We aim to assess in-hospital maternal and f...

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Main Authors: Laith Alhuneafat, Fares Ghanem, Sneha Nandy, Sana Khan, Anushree Puttur, Ahmad Jabri, Alaq Haddad, Bhavadharini Ramu, Bethany Sabol, Jessica Schultz, Selma Carlson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000510
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author Laith Alhuneafat
Fares Ghanem
Sneha Nandy
Sana Khan
Anushree Puttur
Ahmad Jabri
Alaq Haddad
Bhavadharini Ramu
Bethany Sabol
Jessica Schultz
Selma Carlson
author_facet Laith Alhuneafat
Fares Ghanem
Sneha Nandy
Sana Khan
Anushree Puttur
Ahmad Jabri
Alaq Haddad
Bhavadharini Ramu
Bethany Sabol
Jessica Schultz
Selma Carlson
author_sort Laith Alhuneafat
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It includes chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PRE), and CH with superimposed preeclampsia (SPE).We aim to assess in-hospital maternal and fetal outcomes of women in each of these groups in comparison to normotensive controls. Methods: Study sample included women in the National Inpatient Sample dataset from 2016 to 2020 who were categorized into the 4 groups of HDP as described above. They were compared to normotensive pregnancies for maternal and fetal outcomes using regression analysis after adjusting for age, race, C-section status, and comorbidities. Results: The study dataset from October 2015–December 2020 included 19,089,780 delivery admissions with 2,771,809 (14.5 %) of patients affected by HDP. The HDP groups were distributed as follows: GH - 38 %, PRE - 32 %, SPE - 11 %, and CH - 19 %. Women with PRE, SPE, and CH had significantly higher rates of mortality, circulatory shock, peripartum cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury, preterm labor, stillbirth, and cerebrovascular events as compared to normotensive patients, while GH did not. Specifically, maternal mortality was highest in the SPE group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16), followed by PRE (aOR 2.91) and CH (aOR 2.42). Additionally, all HDP groups had higher rates of small for gestational age and significant bleeding as compared to normotensive patients. Conclusions: Pregnant patients with CH, PRE, and SPE experience higher rates of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during their delivery admission when compared to normotensive patients. Understanding the graded risk differences across HDP subtypes may enable more tailored interventions, optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes for those at highest risk.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-ca257e306ea54bf3bf02630d40a7ac012025-08-20T03:10:21ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention2772-48752025-06-012520041310.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200413Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancyLaith Alhuneafat0Fares Ghanem1Sneha Nandy2Sana Khan3Anushree Puttur4Ahmad Jabri5Alaq Haddad6Bhavadharini Ramu7Bethany Sabol8Jessica Schultz9Selma Carlson10Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Corresponding author. Division of cardiovascular medicine University of Minnesota, USA.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, USADivision of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USADepartment of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Cardiovascular Disease, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USASchool of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USADivision of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USADepartment of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USADivision of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USADivision of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USAIntroduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It includes chronic hypertension (CH), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PRE), and CH with superimposed preeclampsia (SPE).We aim to assess in-hospital maternal and fetal outcomes of women in each of these groups in comparison to normotensive controls. Methods: Study sample included women in the National Inpatient Sample dataset from 2016 to 2020 who were categorized into the 4 groups of HDP as described above. They were compared to normotensive pregnancies for maternal and fetal outcomes using regression analysis after adjusting for age, race, C-section status, and comorbidities. Results: The study dataset from October 2015–December 2020 included 19,089,780 delivery admissions with 2,771,809 (14.5 %) of patients affected by HDP. The HDP groups were distributed as follows: GH - 38 %, PRE - 32 %, SPE - 11 %, and CH - 19 %. Women with PRE, SPE, and CH had significantly higher rates of mortality, circulatory shock, peripartum cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury, preterm labor, stillbirth, and cerebrovascular events as compared to normotensive patients, while GH did not. Specifically, maternal mortality was highest in the SPE group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16), followed by PRE (aOR 2.91) and CH (aOR 2.42). Additionally, all HDP groups had higher rates of small for gestational age and significant bleeding as compared to normotensive patients. Conclusions: Pregnant patients with CH, PRE, and SPE experience higher rates of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes during their delivery admission when compared to normotensive patients. Understanding the graded risk differences across HDP subtypes may enable more tailored interventions, optimizing maternal and fetal outcomes for those at highest risk.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000510PreeclampsiaSuperimposedMaternalFetalOutcomesChronic hypertension
spellingShingle Laith Alhuneafat
Fares Ghanem
Sneha Nandy
Sana Khan
Anushree Puttur
Ahmad Jabri
Alaq Haddad
Bhavadharini Ramu
Bethany Sabol
Jessica Schultz
Selma Carlson
Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Preeclampsia
Superimposed
Maternal
Fetal
Outcomes
Chronic hypertension
title Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
title_full Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
title_fullStr Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
title_full_unstemmed Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
title_short Examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
title_sort examining maternal and fetal outcomes across various subtypes of hypertension during pregnancy
topic Preeclampsia
Superimposed
Maternal
Fetal
Outcomes
Chronic hypertension
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000510
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