Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons
NMDA receptors are found in both synaptic and extrasynaptic locations on neurons. NMDA receptors also can be found on neurons in early stages prior to synaptogenesis, where they may be involved in migration and differentiation. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors typically are associated with contacts with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/267120 |
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| author | Ronald S. Petralia |
| author_facet | Ronald S. Petralia |
| author_sort | Ronald S. Petralia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | NMDA receptors are found in both synaptic and extrasynaptic locations on neurons. NMDA receptors also can be found on neurons in early stages prior to synaptogenesis, where they may be involved in migration and differentiation. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors typically are associated with contacts with adjacent processes such as axons and glia. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptor clusters vary in size and may form associations with scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95 and SAP102. The best-characterized extrasynaptic NMDA receptors contain NR1 and NR2B subunits. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may be activated by glutamate spillover from synapses or from ectopic release of glutamate. Consequently, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation may occur under different circumstances than that for synaptic NMDA receptors, indicating different functional consequences for the neuron. In some cases, activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may have a negative influence on the neuron, leading to cell damage and death, as may occur in some major diseases of the nervous system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ca204d3833cd497cab8d8a3005a1ff1b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ca204d3833cd497cab8d8a3005a1ff1b2025-08-20T02:20:01ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2012-01-01201210.1100/2012/267120267120Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on NeuronsRonald S. Petralia0Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, 50 South Drive (50/4142), Bethesda, MD 20892-8027, USANMDA receptors are found in both synaptic and extrasynaptic locations on neurons. NMDA receptors also can be found on neurons in early stages prior to synaptogenesis, where they may be involved in migration and differentiation. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors typically are associated with contacts with adjacent processes such as axons and glia. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptor clusters vary in size and may form associations with scaffolding proteins such as PSD-95 and SAP102. The best-characterized extrasynaptic NMDA receptors contain NR1 and NR2B subunits. Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may be activated by glutamate spillover from synapses or from ectopic release of glutamate. Consequently, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation may occur under different circumstances than that for synaptic NMDA receptors, indicating different functional consequences for the neuron. In some cases, activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may have a negative influence on the neuron, leading to cell damage and death, as may occur in some major diseases of the nervous system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/267120 |
| spellingShingle | Ronald S. Petralia Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons The Scientific World Journal |
| title | Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons |
| title_full | Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons |
| title_fullStr | Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons |
| title_short | Distribution of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors on Neurons |
| title_sort | distribution of extrasynaptic nmda receptors on neurons |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/267120 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ronaldspetralia distributionofextrasynapticnmdareceptorsonneurons |