Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties

This work examined geopolymers made from blast furnace and incinerator slags, as well as blast furnace slag and fly ash, with and without nano-silica additives. The materials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray mapping. For the incorp...

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Main Authors: Chuc Ngoc Pham, Kien Trung Nguyen, Bac Quang Nguyen, Do Nguyen Huy Tuan, Chi Thi Ha Nguyen, Lam Dai Tran, Nguyen Quang Man, Nguyen Chi Bao, Ngoc Nhiem Dao, Hoa Le Thi, Nguyen Hai Phong, Dinh Quang Khieu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Materials Research Express
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adf495
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author Chuc Ngoc Pham
Kien Trung Nguyen
Bac Quang Nguyen
Do Nguyen Huy Tuan
Chi Thi Ha Nguyen
Lam Dai Tran
Nguyen Quang Man
Nguyen Chi Bao
Ngoc Nhiem Dao
Hoa Le Thi
Nguyen Hai Phong
Dinh Quang Khieu
author_facet Chuc Ngoc Pham
Kien Trung Nguyen
Bac Quang Nguyen
Do Nguyen Huy Tuan
Chi Thi Ha Nguyen
Lam Dai Tran
Nguyen Quang Man
Nguyen Chi Bao
Ngoc Nhiem Dao
Hoa Le Thi
Nguyen Hai Phong
Dinh Quang Khieu
author_sort Chuc Ngoc Pham
collection DOAJ
description This work examined geopolymers made from blast furnace and incinerator slags, as well as blast furnace slag and fly ash, with and without nano-silica additives. The materials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray mapping. For the incorporation of incinerator and blast furnace slags, the optimum parameters based on compressive strength were as follows: the NaOH concentration was 14M, and the mass ratios of incinerator/blast furnace slag to water glass/NaOH were 4:6 and 7:3, respectively. The leaching of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, and Hg) from the resulting geopolymer was environmentally acceptable. For geopolymers based on fly ash and blast furnace slags, a fly ash/blast furnace slag ratio of 60/40 yielded the highest compressive strength of 57.4 MPa. Adding 1.5% nano-silica to the fly ash/blast furnace-based geopolymer increased the compressive strength by up to 11.5% compared to the control sample. This concrete attained waterproofing grades from W10 to W14 and could protect steel reinforcement against corrosion in water environments containing Cl- and SO _4 ^2- ions. These results demonstrate that geopolymer concrete, made from industrial waste, contributes to reducing environmental pollution and the consumption of natural resources and energy.
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spelling doaj-art-ca0edf9faaff4e868ac3aadea3ea55882025-08-20T03:40:01ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912025-01-0112808500210.1088/2053-1591/adf495Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical propertiesChuc Ngoc Pham0Kien Trung Nguyen1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5213-3882Bac Quang Nguyen2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-9710Do Nguyen Huy Tuan3Chi Thi Ha Nguyen4Lam Dai Tran5Nguyen Quang Man6Nguyen Chi Bao7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-3774Ngoc Nhiem Dao8Hoa Le Thi9Nguyen Hai Phong10Dinh Quang Khieu11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-6377Institute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University , 530000, VietnamHue University , 530000, VietnamInstitute of Material Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Ward, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, VietnamUniversity of Sciences, Hue University , 530000, VietnamUniversity of Sciences, Hue University , 530000, VietnamUniversity of Sciences, Hue University , 530000, VietnamThis work examined geopolymers made from blast furnace and incinerator slags, as well as blast furnace slag and fly ash, with and without nano-silica additives. The materials were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray mapping. For the incorporation of incinerator and blast furnace slags, the optimum parameters based on compressive strength were as follows: the NaOH concentration was 14M, and the mass ratios of incinerator/blast furnace slag to water glass/NaOH were 4:6 and 7:3, respectively. The leaching of heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As, Ni, and Hg) from the resulting geopolymer was environmentally acceptable. For geopolymers based on fly ash and blast furnace slags, a fly ash/blast furnace slag ratio of 60/40 yielded the highest compressive strength of 57.4 MPa. Adding 1.5% nano-silica to the fly ash/blast furnace-based geopolymer increased the compressive strength by up to 11.5% compared to the control sample. This concrete attained waterproofing grades from W10 to W14 and could protect steel reinforcement against corrosion in water environments containing Cl- and SO _4 ^2- ions. These results demonstrate that geopolymer concrete, made from industrial waste, contributes to reducing environmental pollution and the consumption of natural resources and energy.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adf495blast furnace slaggeopolymerfly ashincinerator
spellingShingle Chuc Ngoc Pham
Kien Trung Nguyen
Bac Quang Nguyen
Do Nguyen Huy Tuan
Chi Thi Ha Nguyen
Lam Dai Tran
Nguyen Quang Man
Nguyen Chi Bao
Ngoc Nhiem Dao
Hoa Le Thi
Nguyen Hai Phong
Dinh Quang Khieu
Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
Materials Research Express
blast furnace slag
geopolymer
fly ash
incinerator
title Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
title_full Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
title_fullStr Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
title_full_unstemmed Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
title_short Geopolymer materials made from fly ash, blast furnace, and incinerator slags in Vietnam: a study on their mechanical and physical properties
title_sort geopolymer materials made from fly ash blast furnace and incinerator slags in vietnam a study on their mechanical and physical properties
topic blast furnace slag
geopolymer
fly ash
incinerator
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/adf495
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