Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming

Abstract Anthropogenic climate warming is expected to accelerate the hydrological cycle with significant consequences for hydrological droughts. However, a systematic understanding of climate warming impacts on the global hydrological droughts and their driving mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we...

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Main Authors: Lei Gu, Jiabo Yin, Louise J. Slater, Jie Chen, Hong Xuan Do, Hui‐Min Wang, Lu Chen, Zhiqiang Jiang, Tongtiegang Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2023-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032997
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author Lei Gu
Jiabo Yin
Louise J. Slater
Jie Chen
Hong Xuan Do
Hui‐Min Wang
Lu Chen
Zhiqiang Jiang
Tongtiegang Zhao
author_facet Lei Gu
Jiabo Yin
Louise J. Slater
Jie Chen
Hong Xuan Do
Hui‐Min Wang
Lu Chen
Zhiqiang Jiang
Tongtiegang Zhao
author_sort Lei Gu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Anthropogenic climate warming is expected to accelerate the hydrological cycle with significant consequences for hydrological droughts. However, a systematic understanding of climate warming impacts on the global hydrological droughts and their driving mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we integrate bias‐corrected climate experiments, multiple hydrological models (HYs), and a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a machine learning modeling framework, to examine the evolving frequency and multivariate characteristics of hydrological droughts and their mechanisms under climate warming for 6,688 catchments in the five principal Köppen‐Geiger climate zones. Results show that the total frequency of hydrological droughts is likely to stay unchanged while extreme hydrological droughts (e.g., events with a 30 yr joint return period, JRP) are projected to occur more frequently across the 21st century. The historical 30 yr JRP events assessed during the historical baseline period of 1985–2014 could become twice as frequent over ∼60% of global catchments by 2071–2100 under the middle and high emission scenarios (ESs). Climate uncertainty (i.e., from global climate models and ESs) is the major source of uncertainty over temperate and tropical catchments, versus HY uncertainty in arid catchments with locally complex runoff regimes. Our machine learning framework indicates that precipitation stress controls the development of historical droughts over ∼87% of global catchments. However, with climate warming, air temperature variations are expected to become the new primary driver of droughts in high‐latitude cold catchments. This study highlights an increasing risk of global extreme hydrological droughts with warming and suggests that rising temperatures in high latitudes may lead to more extreme hydrological droughts.
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spelling doaj-art-ca048fa1558e4f63ba8fcbfde998fa222025-08-20T03:27:06ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732023-01-01591n/an/a10.1029/2022WR032997Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate WarmingLei Gu0Jiabo Yin1Louise J. Slater2Jie Chen3Hong Xuan Do4Hui‐Min Wang5Lu Chen6Zhiqiang Jiang7Tongtiegang Zhao8School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaSchool of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford Oxford UKState Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaFaculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City VietnamDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore SingaporeSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ChinaSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan ChinaCenter of Water Resources and Environment Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) School of Civil Engineering Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou ChinaAbstract Anthropogenic climate warming is expected to accelerate the hydrological cycle with significant consequences for hydrological droughts. However, a systematic understanding of climate warming impacts on the global hydrological droughts and their driving mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we integrate bias‐corrected climate experiments, multiple hydrological models (HYs), and a multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a machine learning modeling framework, to examine the evolving frequency and multivariate characteristics of hydrological droughts and their mechanisms under climate warming for 6,688 catchments in the five principal Köppen‐Geiger climate zones. Results show that the total frequency of hydrological droughts is likely to stay unchanged while extreme hydrological droughts (e.g., events with a 30 yr joint return period, JRP) are projected to occur more frequently across the 21st century. The historical 30 yr JRP events assessed during the historical baseline period of 1985–2014 could become twice as frequent over ∼60% of global catchments by 2071–2100 under the middle and high emission scenarios (ESs). Climate uncertainty (i.e., from global climate models and ESs) is the major source of uncertainty over temperate and tropical catchments, versus HY uncertainty in arid catchments with locally complex runoff regimes. Our machine learning framework indicates that precipitation stress controls the development of historical droughts over ∼87% of global catchments. However, with climate warming, air temperature variations are expected to become the new primary driver of droughts in high‐latitude cold catchments. This study highlights an increasing risk of global extreme hydrological droughts with warming and suggests that rising temperatures in high latitudes may lead to more extreme hydrological droughts.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032997climate changehydrological droughtjoint return periodmachine learningglobal
spellingShingle Lei Gu
Jiabo Yin
Louise J. Slater
Jie Chen
Hong Xuan Do
Hui‐Min Wang
Lu Chen
Zhiqiang Jiang
Tongtiegang Zhao
Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
Water Resources Research
climate change
hydrological drought
joint return period
machine learning
global
title Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
title_full Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
title_fullStr Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
title_full_unstemmed Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
title_short Intensification of Global Hydrological Droughts Under Anthropogenic Climate Warming
title_sort intensification of global hydrological droughts under anthropogenic climate warming
topic climate change
hydrological drought
joint return period
machine learning
global
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032997
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