Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication

Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a compact multi-band high-frequency antenna tailored for millimeter-wave applications, particularly within the 6G frequency range. The antenna features a small footprint of 10 × 12 × 1.5 mm2 and is designed using advanced electromagnetic sim...

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Main Authors: Swati Varun Yadav, Manish Varun Yadav, Dinesh Yadav, Gaurav Kumar Soni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16217-9
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author Swati Varun Yadav
Manish Varun Yadav
Dinesh Yadav
Gaurav Kumar Soni
author_facet Swati Varun Yadav
Manish Varun Yadav
Dinesh Yadav
Gaurav Kumar Soni
author_sort Swati Varun Yadav
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This paper presents the design and development of a compact multi-band high-frequency antenna tailored for millimeter-wave applications, particularly within the 6G frequency range. The antenna features a small footprint of 10 × 12 × 1.5 mm2 and is designed using advanced electromagnetic simulations in CST Microwave Studio. Fabrication was carried out on an FR4 substrate, selected for its favorable properties at high frequencies. The antenna demonstrates an exceptionally wide impedance bandwidth of approximately 166%, covering a broad frequency range from 9.1 GHz to 100 GHz with a central frequency near 45.45 GHz. It exhibits stable radiation characteristics across the operating band, achieving a peak gain of 7.95dBi and an overall efficiency of 85%. Its miniaturized form factor and broad operational range make it a strong candidate for a wide spectrum of applications, including X-band radar, Ku-band satellite communications, K-band sensing, Ka-band 5G systems, V-band short-range wireless, W-band automotive radar, and future technologies such as 6G and security imaging systems.
format Article
id doaj-art-c9f4f261de984e158f9d8bdea0824da4
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c9f4f261de984e158f9d8bdea0824da42025-08-24T11:26:17ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-16217-9Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communicationSwati Varun Yadav0Manish Varun Yadav1Dinesh Yadav2Gaurav Kumar Soni3Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University JaipurDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal University JaipurAbstract This paper presents the design and development of a compact multi-band high-frequency antenna tailored for millimeter-wave applications, particularly within the 6G frequency range. The antenna features a small footprint of 10 × 12 × 1.5 mm2 and is designed using advanced electromagnetic simulations in CST Microwave Studio. Fabrication was carried out on an FR4 substrate, selected for its favorable properties at high frequencies. The antenna demonstrates an exceptionally wide impedance bandwidth of approximately 166%, covering a broad frequency range from 9.1 GHz to 100 GHz with a central frequency near 45.45 GHz. It exhibits stable radiation characteristics across the operating band, achieving a peak gain of 7.95dBi and an overall efficiency of 85%. Its miniaturized form factor and broad operational range make it a strong candidate for a wide spectrum of applications, including X-band radar, Ku-band satellite communications, K-band sensing, Ka-band 5G systems, V-band short-range wireless, W-band automotive radar, and future technologies such as 6G and security imaging systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16217-9SatelliteAutomotive radar6G communicationImpedance bandwidthHigh efficiency
spellingShingle Swati Varun Yadav
Manish Varun Yadav
Dinesh Yadav
Gaurav Kumar Soni
Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
Scientific Reports
Satellite
Automotive radar
6G communication
Impedance bandwidth
High efficiency
title Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
title_full Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
title_fullStr Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
title_full_unstemmed Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
title_short Multi-band high-frequency antenna for satellite, automotive radar, and 6G communication
title_sort multi band high frequency antenna for satellite automotive radar and 6g communication
topic Satellite
Automotive radar
6G communication
Impedance bandwidth
High efficiency
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16217-9
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AT manishvarunyadav multibandhighfrequencyantennaforsatelliteautomotiveradarand6gcommunication
AT dineshyadav multibandhighfrequencyantennaforsatelliteautomotiveradarand6gcommunication
AT gauravkumarsoni multibandhighfrequencyantennaforsatelliteautomotiveradarand6gcommunication