Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028

In the 1990s, Sri Lanka started reporting cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which gradually increased to the current case incidence rate of over 3000/year. The causative strain of CL is Leishmania donovani MON-37, which is genetically different from the visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-causing strai...

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Main Authors: Shalindra Ranasinghe, Deepika Fernando, Nayana Gunathilaka, Kanchana Mallawaarachchi, Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-06-01
Series:Annals of Medical Science and Research
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amsr.amsr_36_24
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author Shalindra Ranasinghe
Deepika Fernando
Nayana Gunathilaka
Kanchana Mallawaarachchi
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
author_facet Shalindra Ranasinghe
Deepika Fernando
Nayana Gunathilaka
Kanchana Mallawaarachchi
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
author_sort Shalindra Ranasinghe
collection DOAJ
description In the 1990s, Sri Lanka started reporting cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which gradually increased to the current case incidence rate of over 3000/year. The causative strain of CL is Leishmania donovani MON-37, which is genetically different from the visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-causing strain in Sri Lanka. Visceral and mucosal forms are rare in Sri Lanka. The potential vector is Phlebotomus argentipes. Due to increasing CL case numbers, the Anti-Malaria Campaign was identified as the focal point in 2022 by the Ministry of Health (MoH) to control leishmaniasis and a WHO-funded situational analysis and the first National Strategic Plan (NSP) for prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka 2024–2028 were developed. During the situational analysis, a comprehensive literature review, meeting the stakeholders, visiting CL endemic areas and hospitals, and a SWOT analysis were carried out. The goal of the NSP is “To control cutaneous leishmaniasis for possible elimination as a public health problem in the future and prevention of VL and MCL.” The two objectives are as follows: to reduce the annual incidence of CL < 5 per 10,000 population by 2028 (approximately 6600 cases) and to ensure zero mortality due to VL. The NSP had three strategic plans and five supporting areas. Each activity was well-described, and timelines were given to complete each task. This review describes the activities carried out by the MoH, the research work conducted so far, and the key points in the NSP recommended to eliminate leishmaniasis as a public health problem from Sri Lanka by 2028.
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spelling doaj-art-c9f44710fcdb4b92a0f543254ee6096e2025-08-20T03:36:14ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAnnals of Medical Science and Research2949-785X2949-78682025-06-014Suppl 1S93S10210.4103/amsr.amsr_36_24Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028Shalindra RanasingheDeepika FernandoNayana GunathilakaKanchana MallawaarachchiRajitha WickremasingheIn the 1990s, Sri Lanka started reporting cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), which gradually increased to the current case incidence rate of over 3000/year. The causative strain of CL is Leishmania donovani MON-37, which is genetically different from the visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-causing strain in Sri Lanka. Visceral and mucosal forms are rare in Sri Lanka. The potential vector is Phlebotomus argentipes. Due to increasing CL case numbers, the Anti-Malaria Campaign was identified as the focal point in 2022 by the Ministry of Health (MoH) to control leishmaniasis and a WHO-funded situational analysis and the first National Strategic Plan (NSP) for prevention and control of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka 2024–2028 were developed. During the situational analysis, a comprehensive literature review, meeting the stakeholders, visiting CL endemic areas and hospitals, and a SWOT analysis were carried out. The goal of the NSP is “To control cutaneous leishmaniasis for possible elimination as a public health problem in the future and prevention of VL and MCL.” The two objectives are as follows: to reduce the annual incidence of CL < 5 per 10,000 population by 2028 (approximately 6600 cases) and to ensure zero mortality due to VL. The NSP had three strategic plans and five supporting areas. Each activity was well-described, and timelines were given to complete each task. This review describes the activities carried out by the MoH, the research work conducted so far, and the key points in the NSP recommended to eliminate leishmaniasis as a public health problem from Sri Lanka by 2028.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amsr.amsr_36_24eliminationhistoryleishmaniasispublic health problemsri lanka
spellingShingle Shalindra Ranasinghe
Deepika Fernando
Nayana Gunathilaka
Kanchana Mallawaarachchi
Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
Annals of Medical Science and Research
elimination
history
leishmaniasis
public health problem
sri lanka
title Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
title_full Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
title_fullStr Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
title_full_unstemmed Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
title_short Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: Surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
title_sort leishmaniasis in sri lanka surmounting obstacles toward achieving elimination as a public health problem by 2028
topic elimination
history
leishmaniasis
public health problem
sri lanka
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/amsr.amsr_36_24
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AT nayanagunathilaka leishmaniasisinsrilankasurmountingobstaclestowardachievingeliminationasapublichealthproblemby2028
AT kanchanamallawaarachchi leishmaniasisinsrilankasurmountingobstaclestowardachievingeliminationasapublichealthproblemby2028
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