Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China

Abstract Although extreme heat waves present a significant challenge to urban residents, the elderly in China prefer to go outdoors in summer. Shaded areas in parks may offer an ideal space for their outdoor activities. To assess the thermal adaptation of the elderly in open spaces during periods of...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhongjun Zhang, Yaqian Wang, Zhaoji Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06785-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849238795267866624
author Zhongjun Zhang
Yaqian Wang
Zhaoji Wu
author_facet Zhongjun Zhang
Yaqian Wang
Zhaoji Wu
author_sort Zhongjun Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Although extreme heat waves present a significant challenge to urban residents, the elderly in China prefer to go outdoors in summer. Shaded areas in parks may offer an ideal space for their outdoor activities. To assess the thermal adaptation of the elderly in open spaces during periods of high temperature, this study conducted an on-site test and survey for two groups, the elderly (aged 60 and above) and the non-elderly (aged below 60), in a park with tree-shaded areas in China. In total, 557 valid samples were collected, including microclimate parameters, visiting patterns, and subjective responses. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature-related parameters in shaded areas were significantly lower than those in open spaces. Among the elderly, 47.5% visited the park daily, and 33.6% chose to go out even when the temperature reached 36.8 ± 2.6 °C. The thermal sensitivity of the elderly was significantly lower than that of the non-elderly. Both groups showed a high level of thermal acceptability at elevated temperatures with no significant difference. For the elderly, the standard effective temperature was 32.4 °C for 80% thermal acceptability, and 25.7 °C for 90% acceptability. The high acceptability might be attributed to psychological adaptation driven by their willingness for outdoor activities.
format Article
id doaj-art-c9f1c486d22d478ea9302f908d307df1
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-c9f1c486d22d478ea9302f908d307df12025-08-20T04:01:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-06785-1Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of ChinaZhongjun Zhang0Yaqian Wang1Zhaoji Wu2School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Anyang Institute of TechnologySchool of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Anyang Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Although extreme heat waves present a significant challenge to urban residents, the elderly in China prefer to go outdoors in summer. Shaded areas in parks may offer an ideal space for their outdoor activities. To assess the thermal adaptation of the elderly in open spaces during periods of high temperature, this study conducted an on-site test and survey for two groups, the elderly (aged 60 and above) and the non-elderly (aged below 60), in a park with tree-shaded areas in China. In total, 557 valid samples were collected, including microclimate parameters, visiting patterns, and subjective responses. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature-related parameters in shaded areas were significantly lower than those in open spaces. Among the elderly, 47.5% visited the park daily, and 33.6% chose to go out even when the temperature reached 36.8 ± 2.6 °C. The thermal sensitivity of the elderly was significantly lower than that of the non-elderly. Both groups showed a high level of thermal acceptability at elevated temperatures with no significant difference. For the elderly, the standard effective temperature was 32.4 °C for 80% thermal acceptability, and 25.7 °C for 90% acceptability. The high acceptability might be attributed to psychological adaptation driven by their willingness for outdoor activities.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06785-1Thermal comfortPsychological adaptationThe elderlyParkTree shade
spellingShingle Zhongjun Zhang
Yaqian Wang
Zhaoji Wu
Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
Scientific Reports
Thermal comfort
Psychological adaptation
The elderly
Park
Tree shade
title Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
title_full Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
title_fullStr Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
title_full_unstemmed Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
title_short Field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree-shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of China
title_sort field study of thermal comfort of the elderly in tree shaded areas of urban parks in the cold area of china
topic Thermal comfort
Psychological adaptation
The elderly
Park
Tree shade
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06785-1
work_keys_str_mv AT zhongjunzhang fieldstudyofthermalcomfortoftheelderlyintreeshadedareasofurbanparksinthecoldareaofchina
AT yaqianwang fieldstudyofthermalcomfortoftheelderlyintreeshadedareasofurbanparksinthecoldareaofchina
AT zhaojiwu fieldstudyofthermalcomfortoftheelderlyintreeshadedareasofurbanparksinthecoldareaofchina