Complete Dispersion Measurement for Few-Mode Fibers with Large Mode Numbers Enabled by Multiplexer-Assisted S<sup>2</sup>

With the widespread use and increasing importance of few-mode fibers (FMFs), comprehensive dispersion measurement for FMFs with large mode numbers is in urgent demand. Among existing methods, spatially and spectrally resolved (S<sup>2</sup>) imaging technique offers distinct advantages f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bingyi Zhao, Zhiqun Yang, Zhongze Lv, Huihui Wang, Yaping Liu, Zhanhua Huang, Lin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/6/561
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Summary:With the widespread use and increasing importance of few-mode fibers (FMFs), comprehensive dispersion measurement for FMFs with large mode numbers is in urgent demand. Among existing methods, spatially and spectrally resolved (S<sup>2</sup>) imaging technique offers distinct advantages for measuring differential mode group delay (DMGD) and chromatic dispersion (CD) parameters. However, it suffers from several limitations such as uncontrollable mode excitation and an inability to measure absolute CD. In this study, we enhance the traditional S<sup>2</sup> method, making it possible to effectively measure the complete dispersion for high-mode-count FMFs. By introducing a mode multiplexer (MMUX), selectively and proportionally mode excitation can be realized. Combined with a tunable delay line array, the misalignment of the MMUX’s fiber pigtail lengths is canceled. Additionally, with the help of a reference path capable of generating planar light, the measurement of the absolute CD is enabled. Based on the enhanced MMUX-assisted S<sup>2</sup>, a simultaneous DMGD and absolute CD measurement for an FMF supporting up to six LP modes is conducted, which has not been previously demonstrated with a single S<sup>2</sup>-based system. The proposed paradigm significantly expands the mode number of FMF measurable by S<sup>2</sup>, enriches the parameters that S<sup>2</sup> can cover, and even has great inspiration for other measurement methods.
ISSN:2304-6732