Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids

Abstract The ability to control molecular transport across immiscible liquid interfaces is critical for applications in manufacturing, biotechnology, and space research. Such transport mechanisms have garnered attention for their intriguing behavior and transformative potential in technology and sci...

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Main Authors: Jiguang Wang, Lunxiang Zhang, Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband, Xiang Sun, Yu Liu, Jiafei Zhao, Yongchen Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60930-y
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author Jiguang Wang
Lunxiang Zhang
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband
Xiang Sun
Yu Liu
Jiafei Zhao
Yongchen Song
author_facet Jiguang Wang
Lunxiang Zhang
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband
Xiang Sun
Yu Liu
Jiafei Zhao
Yongchen Song
author_sort Jiguang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The ability to control molecular transport across immiscible liquid interfaces is critical for applications in manufacturing, biotechnology, and space research. Such transport mechanisms have garnered attention for their intriguing behavior and transformative potential in technology and science for a long time. Here, we demonstrate that unsteady temperature fields drive directional transport of water molecules across the oil-water interface, where weakened hydrogen bonding orients hydroxyl groups toward the oil phase. Through the Marangoni natural convection, water molecules migrate into the oil phase, forming stable nanoscale dispersions. We provide evidence that this transport is tunable via temperature gradients, offering a controllable pathway for mass transfer. This approach offers a potential, scalable, surfactant-free method for nanoemulsions production, with applications in drug delivery and advanced manufacturing. With surface tension as one of the driving forces, this phenomenon is equally valid in microgravity or zero-gravity environments. These findings advance the understanding of Marangoni natural convection and provide new insights into microscale fluid dynamics and spontaneous molecular migration at the oil-water interface.
format Article
id doaj-art-c9ea2d9eb2d64ff3b2973d97debe3c31
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-c9ea2d9eb2d64ff3b2973d97debe3c312025-08-20T04:01:36ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-60930-yThermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquidsJiguang Wang0Lunxiang Zhang1Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband2Xiang Sun3Yu Liu4Jiafei Zhao5Yongchen Song6Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of TechnologySchool of GeoSciences, University of EdinburghInstitute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of TechnologyAbstract The ability to control molecular transport across immiscible liquid interfaces is critical for applications in manufacturing, biotechnology, and space research. Such transport mechanisms have garnered attention for their intriguing behavior and transformative potential in technology and science for a long time. Here, we demonstrate that unsteady temperature fields drive directional transport of water molecules across the oil-water interface, where weakened hydrogen bonding orients hydroxyl groups toward the oil phase. Through the Marangoni natural convection, water molecules migrate into the oil phase, forming stable nanoscale dispersions. We provide evidence that this transport is tunable via temperature gradients, offering a controllable pathway for mass transfer. This approach offers a potential, scalable, surfactant-free method for nanoemulsions production, with applications in drug delivery and advanced manufacturing. With surface tension as one of the driving forces, this phenomenon is equally valid in microgravity or zero-gravity environments. These findings advance the understanding of Marangoni natural convection and provide new insights into microscale fluid dynamics and spontaneous molecular migration at the oil-water interface.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60930-y
spellingShingle Jiguang Wang
Lunxiang Zhang
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband
Xiang Sun
Yu Liu
Jiafei Zhao
Yongchen Song
Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
Nature Communications
title Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
title_full Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
title_fullStr Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
title_full_unstemmed Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
title_short Thermal Marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
title_sort thermal marangoni natural convection enables directional transport across immiscible liquids
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60930-y
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AT xiangsun thermalmarangoninaturalconvectionenablesdirectionaltransportacrossimmiscibleliquids
AT yuliu thermalmarangoninaturalconvectionenablesdirectionaltransportacrossimmiscibleliquids
AT jiafeizhao thermalmarangoninaturalconvectionenablesdirectionaltransportacrossimmiscibleliquids
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