Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy

Abstract Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-based coatings are known for their potential in improving the corrosion resistance of metallic surfaces, particularly titanium alloys. While numerous studies have examined silane systems containing corrosion inhibitors or nanoparticles, the role of pure multilay...

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Main Authors: Oliwia Kierat, Agata Dudek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01915-1
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author Oliwia Kierat
Agata Dudek
author_facet Oliwia Kierat
Agata Dudek
author_sort Oliwia Kierat
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-based coatings are known for their potential in improving the corrosion resistance of metallic surfaces, particularly titanium alloys. While numerous studies have examined silane systems containing corrosion inhibitors or nanoparticles, the role of pure multilayer VTMS architectures remains poorly understood. This study investigates how the number of VTMS layers (ranging from 1 to 6), applied via the sol-gel dip-coating method, affects the electrochemical behavior and microstructural characteristics of coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy. All multilayer configurations were first tested in 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 solution to assess their barrier performance. Based on polarization resistance and corrosion potential results, the three-layer configuration (3VTMS) was selected as optimal and was subsequently tested in four simulated physiological solutions: Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), Hank’s solution, artificial saliva, and Ringer’s solution. The findings demonstrate that 3VTMS offers the most effective combination of thickness, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. Comparative SEM imaging and potentiodynamic polarization tests confirm that multilayer stacking leads to improved barrier properties and enhances anodic protection, even in the absence of chemical additives. The added value of this study lies in demonstrating that additive-free VTMS multilayer coatings can achieve corrosion protection levels comparable to hybrid silane systems, relying solely on optimized structural layering. This work addresses an existing gap in the literature and provides a foundation for future investigations into biofunctional, low-toxicity, and energy-efficient silane coatings for biomedical titanium applications.
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spelling doaj-art-c9d8e351805e4ffda340120c73d08b652025-08-20T03:48:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-01915-1Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloyOliwia Kierat0Agata Dudek1Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of TechnologyDepartment of Material Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of TechnologyAbstract Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-based coatings are known for their potential in improving the corrosion resistance of metallic surfaces, particularly titanium alloys. While numerous studies have examined silane systems containing corrosion inhibitors or nanoparticles, the role of pure multilayer VTMS architectures remains poorly understood. This study investigates how the number of VTMS layers (ranging from 1 to 6), applied via the sol-gel dip-coating method, affects the electrochemical behavior and microstructural characteristics of coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy. All multilayer configurations were first tested in 0.5 mol L−1 Na2SO4 solution to assess their barrier performance. Based on polarization resistance and corrosion potential results, the three-layer configuration (3VTMS) was selected as optimal and was subsequently tested in four simulated physiological solutions: Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), Hank’s solution, artificial saliva, and Ringer’s solution. The findings demonstrate that 3VTMS offers the most effective combination of thickness, uniformity, and corrosion resistance. Comparative SEM imaging and potentiodynamic polarization tests confirm that multilayer stacking leads to improved barrier properties and enhances anodic protection, even in the absence of chemical additives. The added value of this study lies in demonstrating that additive-free VTMS multilayer coatings can achieve corrosion protection levels comparable to hybrid silane systems, relying solely on optimized structural layering. This work addresses an existing gap in the literature and provides a foundation for future investigations into biofunctional, low-toxicity, and energy-efficient silane coatings for biomedical titanium applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01915-1VTMS coatingsSol-gelMultilayer silaneTitanium alloysCorrosion resistanceBiomaterials
spellingShingle Oliwia Kierat
Agata Dudek
Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
Scientific Reports
VTMS coatings
Sol-gel
Multilayer silane
Titanium alloys
Corrosion resistance
Biomaterials
title Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
title_full Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
title_fullStr Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
title_full_unstemmed Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
title_short Corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol-gel coatings on titanium Grade 2 and Ti6Al4V alloy
title_sort corrosion resistance of multilayer silane sol gel coatings on titanium grade 2 and ti6al4v alloy
topic VTMS coatings
Sol-gel
Multilayer silane
Titanium alloys
Corrosion resistance
Biomaterials
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01915-1
work_keys_str_mv AT oliwiakierat corrosionresistanceofmultilayersilanesolgelcoatingsontitaniumgrade2andti6al4valloy
AT agatadudek corrosionresistanceofmultilayersilanesolgelcoatingsontitaniumgrade2andti6al4valloy