Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls
Cell wall extensibility is a key biophysical characteristic that defines the rate of plant cell growth. It depends on the wall structure and is controlled by numerous proteins that cut and/or (re)form links between the wall constituents. Cell wall extensibility is currently estimated by different in...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Dmitry V. Suslov Alexandra N. Ivanova Daria Balcerowicz Mariia S. Tarasova Nuria K. Koteyeva Kris Vissenberg |
| author_facet | Dmitry V. Suslov Alexandra N. Ivanova Daria Balcerowicz Mariia S. Tarasova Nuria K. Koteyeva Kris Vissenberg |
| author_sort | Dmitry V. Suslov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cell wall extensibility is a key biophysical characteristic that defines the rate of plant cell growth. It depends on the wall structure and is controlled by numerous proteins that cut and/or (re)form links between the wall constituents. Cell wall extensibility is currently estimated by different in vitro biomechanical tests. We used the creep method, in which isolated cell walls are extended under a constant load and their time-dependent deformation (creep) is recorded to reveal the biophysical basis of growth inhibition of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> hypocotyls in the presence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), one of the most active natural brassinosteroids. We found that EBL rendered the walls of hypocotyl cells softer, i.e., more deformable under mechanical force, which was revealed using heat-inactivated cell walls to eliminate endogenous activities of cell-wall-loosening/tightening proteins. This effect was caused by the altered arrangement of cellulose microfibrils. At the same time, EBL made the walls less extensible, which was detected with native walls under conditions optimized for activities of endogenous cell-wall-loosening proteins. These apparently conflicting changes in the wall mechanics can be an adaptation by which EBL enables plant cells to grow under stress conditions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-c9ca6350750d4c2fbfd4e8a151280e752025-01-24T13:46:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114217610.3390/plants14020176Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis HypocotylsDmitry V. Suslov0Alexandra N. Ivanova1Daria Balcerowicz2Mariia S. Tarasova3Nuria K. Koteyeva4Kris Vissenberg5Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, RussiaIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, BelgiumLaboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, RussiaIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Biology Department, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, BelgiumCell wall extensibility is a key biophysical characteristic that defines the rate of plant cell growth. It depends on the wall structure and is controlled by numerous proteins that cut and/or (re)form links between the wall constituents. Cell wall extensibility is currently estimated by different in vitro biomechanical tests. We used the creep method, in which isolated cell walls are extended under a constant load and their time-dependent deformation (creep) is recorded to reveal the biophysical basis of growth inhibition of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> hypocotyls in the presence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL), one of the most active natural brassinosteroids. We found that EBL rendered the walls of hypocotyl cells softer, i.e., more deformable under mechanical force, which was revealed using heat-inactivated cell walls to eliminate endogenous activities of cell-wall-loosening/tightening proteins. This effect was caused by the altered arrangement of cellulose microfibrils. At the same time, EBL made the walls less extensible, which was detected with native walls under conditions optimized for activities of endogenous cell-wall-loosening proteins. These apparently conflicting changes in the wall mechanics can be an adaptation by which EBL enables plant cells to grow under stress conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/176brassinosteroidscell wallgrowthbiomechanicscreepextensibility |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry V. Suslov Alexandra N. Ivanova Daria Balcerowicz Mariia S. Tarasova Nuria K. Koteyeva Kris Vissenberg Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls Plants brassinosteroids cell wall growth biomechanics creep extensibility |
| title | Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls |
| title_full | Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls |
| title_fullStr | Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls |
| title_short | Brassinosteroids Render Cell Walls Softer but Less Extensible in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls |
| title_sort | brassinosteroids render cell walls softer but less extensible in growing arabidopsis hypocotyls |
| topic | brassinosteroids cell wall growth biomechanics creep extensibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/176 |
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