Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
This study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The analysis combines Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling with hydrochemical analysis. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to generate a G...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Earth Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714825000524 |
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| author | Pascalia Vinca Alvando Dede Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat Dasapta Erwin Irawan Abdullah Husna Wendi Harjupa Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman |
| author_facet | Pascalia Vinca Alvando Dede Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat Dasapta Erwin Irawan Abdullah Husna Wendi Harjupa Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman |
| author_sort | Pascalia Vinca Alvando |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The analysis combines Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling with hydrochemical analysis. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to generate a Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) map based on seven weighted parameters: geology, geomorphology, soil texture, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, and drainage density. Sensitivity analysis revealed that slope and lithology significantly influence groundwater potential, as evident in the weighting scheme. Areas with mild topography (0°–12°) and lowland alluvial zones were found to be favorable for infiltration. The resulting GWPZ map classified the watershed into five categories, with high to very high potential zones concentrated in the northern and central parts and low potential zones found predominantly in the southeast. The high potential zone covers approximately 21 % of the study area, while the very high zone accounts for around 10 %. Groundwater quality was assessed through field measurements and laboratory analyses of physicochemical parameters, including TDS, EC, DO, pH, temperature, and major ions. Results indicate that several lowland and coastal areas exhibit elevated levels of TDS, sodium, and sulfate, which exceed national drinking water standards, potentially due to seawater intrusion and anthropogenic influence. Major ion composition further supports this finding, with dominant ion sequences of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ and Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻. Despite this, most groundwater sources remain within sanitation quality limits. This study provides a replicable tool for groundwater development in data-limited, urbanizing regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c9c0c450644d48dca4a5a107ba6320bb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-7148 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Earth Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-c9c0c450644d48dca4a5a107ba6320bb2025-08-20T03:30:02ZengElsevierResults in Earth Sciences2211-71482025-12-01310011010.1016/j.rines.2025.100110Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, IndonesiaPascalia Vinca Alvando0Dede Rohmat1Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat2Dasapta Erwin Irawan3Abdullah Husna4Wendi Harjupa5Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat6Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman7Water Resources Development Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, IndonesiaDepartment of Geography, Indonesia University of Education, IndonesiaWater Resources Development Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; Correspondence to: Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Jatinangor Campus, Labtek 1C, 2nd Floor, West Java 45363, Indonesia.Applied Geology Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, IndonesiaGeological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia, IndonesiaDisaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanWater Resources Development Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, IndonesiaWater Resources Development Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, IndonesiaThis study investigates the spatial distribution and quality of groundwater in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. The analysis combines Geographic Information System (GIS)-based modeling with hydrochemical analysis. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to generate a Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) map based on seven weighted parameters: geology, geomorphology, soil texture, slope, land use/land cover (LULC), lineament density, and drainage density. Sensitivity analysis revealed that slope and lithology significantly influence groundwater potential, as evident in the weighting scheme. Areas with mild topography (0°–12°) and lowland alluvial zones were found to be favorable for infiltration. The resulting GWPZ map classified the watershed into five categories, with high to very high potential zones concentrated in the northern and central parts and low potential zones found predominantly in the southeast. The high potential zone covers approximately 21 % of the study area, while the very high zone accounts for around 10 %. Groundwater quality was assessed through field measurements and laboratory analyses of physicochemical parameters, including TDS, EC, DO, pH, temperature, and major ions. Results indicate that several lowland and coastal areas exhibit elevated levels of TDS, sodium, and sulfate, which exceed national drinking water standards, potentially due to seawater intrusion and anthropogenic influence. Major ion composition further supports this finding, with dominant ion sequences of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ and Cl⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > NO₃⁻. Despite this, most groundwater sources remain within sanitation quality limits. This study provides a replicable tool for groundwater development in data-limited, urbanizing regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714825000524Groundwater potential zoneAHPGISGroundwater qualityRontu WatershedIndonesia |
| spellingShingle | Pascalia Vinca Alvando Dede Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira Rohmat Dasapta Erwin Irawan Abdullah Husna Wendi Harjupa Fauzan Ikhlas Wira Rohmat Mutiara Indah Nur Rohman Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Results in Earth Sciences Groundwater potential zone AHP GIS Groundwater quality Rontu Watershed Indonesia |
| title | Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia |
| title_full | Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia |
| title_short | Integrating GIS-based AHP and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the Rontu Watershed, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia |
| title_sort | integrating gis based ahp and groundwater quality assessment to delineate groundwater potential zones in the rontu watershed west nusa tenggara indonesia |
| topic | Groundwater potential zone AHP GIS Groundwater quality Rontu Watershed Indonesia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211714825000524 |
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