Optimization of mixed botanical insecticides from Azadirachta indica and Calophyllum soulattri against Spodoptera frugiperda using response surface methodology

Optimization of mixed botanical insecticides from Azadirachta indica and Calophyllum soulattri against Spodoptera frugiperda using response surface methodology

The ratio of ingredients in the mixture of botanical insecticides affects the insecticide activity. This study conducted a single and mixed insecticide test of Azadirachta indica and Callophylum soulattri against Spodoptera frugiperda. Insecticide application used the residue method on leaves with a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Syahputra Edy, Dono Danar, Sudarjat, Hidayat Yusup, Puspasari Lindung Tri, Dewi Vira Kusuma, Ishmayana Safri, Widayani Neneng Sri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-05-01
Series:Open Agriculture
Subjects:
botanical insecticide mixture
biological disturbance
synergism
optimize ratio ingredient
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2025-0445
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