Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele

Background and objectives: Encephalocele is a rare neural tube birth defect. Aim of this study was to find the risk factors and associated anomalies of patients with encephalocele, and its outcomes. Methods: We used a case-series study for 30 patients with encephalocele who were admitted to Shahi...

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Main Authors: Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada, Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim, Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kurdistan Higher Council Of Medical Specialties 2023-06-01
Series:Advanced Medical Journal
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Online Access:https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/238
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author Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada
Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim
Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa
author_facet Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada
Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim
Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa
author_sort Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada
collection DOAJ
description Background and objectives: Encephalocele is a rare neural tube birth defect. Aim of this study was to find the risk factors and associated anomalies of patients with encephalocele, and its outcomes. Methods: We used a case-series study for 30 patients with encephalocele who were admitted to Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018. The patients’ clinical features and computed tomography findings were recorded and their outcomes classified into death, cerebral palsy, delayed milestones, and good. Results: The genders of the patients were 11 (36.7%) male and 19 (63.3%) female with a female: male ratio of 1.7:1. There were significant associations between the site of the skull defect with microcephalus, seizure, and outcome and statistically significant association between the content of the sac and family history. The content of the sac was mostly mixed brain and cerebrospinal fluid (56.7%). The size of the sac was significantly associated with family history and hydrocephalus and all of encephaloceles were located in the midline mostly at occipital and occipito-cervical region. The outcomes were death (10%), poor (10%), delayed milestones (23.3%), and 56.7% good. There was also statistically significant association between outcome and other brain abnormality and microcephalus. Conclusions: Encephalocele was located in midline mostly at occipito-cervical region, the size of its sac is associated with hydrocephalus, the content was mixed brain and CSF, and its site was associated with seizure. Moreover, content and size of the sac was significantly associated with family history of neural tube defect.
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spelling doaj-art-c9983b825d524aa1b7adf3bd85ff28a52025-08-20T02:17:33ZengKurdistan Higher Council Of Medical SpecialtiesAdvanced Medical Journal2958-89792957-35802023-06-015210.56056/amj.2019.91239Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephaloceleNawzhin Jange Jalyzada0Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim1Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa2MBChB, KHCMS (Neurosurgery) trainee. Iraq, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani City, Shar Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery.MBChB, FRCS, FIBMS, Consultant Neurosurgeon. Iraq, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani City, Shar Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery.MBChB, FIBMS (Neurosurgery). Iraq, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani City, Shar Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery. Background and objectives: Encephalocele is a rare neural tube birth defect. Aim of this study was to find the risk factors and associated anomalies of patients with encephalocele, and its outcomes. Methods: We used a case-series study for 30 patients with encephalocele who were admitted to Shahid Dr. Aso Hospital from January 2017 to July 2018. The patients’ clinical features and computed tomography findings were recorded and their outcomes classified into death, cerebral palsy, delayed milestones, and good. Results: The genders of the patients were 11 (36.7%) male and 19 (63.3%) female with a female: male ratio of 1.7:1. There were significant associations between the site of the skull defect with microcephalus, seizure, and outcome and statistically significant association between the content of the sac and family history. The content of the sac was mostly mixed brain and cerebrospinal fluid (56.7%). The size of the sac was significantly associated with family history and hydrocephalus and all of encephaloceles were located in the midline mostly at occipital and occipito-cervical region. The outcomes were death (10%), poor (10%), delayed milestones (23.3%), and 56.7% good. There was also statistically significant association between outcome and other brain abnormality and microcephalus. Conclusions: Encephalocele was located in midline mostly at occipito-cervical region, the size of its sac is associated with hydrocephalus, the content was mixed brain and CSF, and its site was associated with seizure. Moreover, content and size of the sac was significantly associated with family history of neural tube defect. https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/238Congenital brain anomalyCongenital diseasesEncephaloceleFolic acidHydrocephalusMicrocephalus
spellingShingle Nawzhin Jange Jalyzada
Ari Sami Hussain Nadhim
Nabaz Muhamad Mustafa
Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
Advanced Medical Journal
Congenital brain anomaly
Congenital diseases
Encephalocele
Folic acid
Hydrocephalus
Microcephalus
title Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
title_full Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
title_fullStr Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
title_short Risk factors, presentations, associated anomalies, and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
title_sort risk factors presentations associated anomalies and outcomes of patients with encephalocele
topic Congenital brain anomaly
Congenital diseases
Encephalocele
Folic acid
Hydrocephalus
Microcephalus
url https://amj.khcms.edu.krd/index.php/main/article/view/238
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