Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks

Objectives: Marburg virus disease (MVD) is on the WHO list for pandemic-prone pathogens. The current outbreak in Rwanda provides an opportunity to map outbreaks and generate information to inform policymaking, resource mobilization, and guide the implementation of cost-effective response strategies....

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Main Authors: Claude Mambo Muvunyi, Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Noella Bigirimana, Nicaise Ndembi, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Jean Kaseya, Ayman Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Diseases
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/309
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author Claude Mambo Muvunyi
Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza
Noella Bigirimana
Nicaise Ndembi
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Jean Kaseya
Ayman Ahmed
author_facet Claude Mambo Muvunyi
Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza
Noella Bigirimana
Nicaise Ndembi
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Jean Kaseya
Ayman Ahmed
author_sort Claude Mambo Muvunyi
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: Marburg virus disease (MVD) is on the WHO list for pandemic-prone pathogens. The current outbreak in Rwanda provides an opportunity to map outbreaks and generate information to inform policymaking, resource mobilization, and guide the implementation of cost-effective response strategies. Methods: We synthesized available information about MVD to build holistic, up-to-date evidence to inform policymakers, public health leaders, and healthcare and public health services providers in their development and implementation of cost-effective preparedness, prevention, and control measures. Results: We have identified 20 outbreaks of MVD that occurred in 14 countries between 1967 and 2024; these outbreaks led to 580 confirmed cases and 423 deaths in total. We summarize the available information about the main clinical signs, diagnostic tools, primary reservoir, transmission dynamics, and case management protocol. We also document the best practices in the prevention and control of MVD outbreaks, including the implementation of a multisectoral One Health strategy for preparedness, prevention, and response to MVD outbreaks that incorporates the strict implementation of WASH and infection prevention measures, contact tracing, and the isolation of infected and suspected humans and animals, and enhances the implementation of the International Health Regulations, particularly efficient cross-country coordination. Conclusions: In the absence of a licensed treatment or vaccine for MVD, the response strategy to MVD should focus on preventive measures, including community engagement to promote the reduction in contact between humans and reservoirs, the supportive care and isolation of patients, and proper waste management. High risk populations such as frontline responders, including healthcare providers and community health workers, should be prioritized so that they can access all currently available protection measures.
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spelling doaj-art-c993e7bf5282451b91b7fe0f35f698f92025-08-20T02:57:13ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212024-12-01121230910.3390/diseases12120309Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease OutbreaksClaude Mambo Muvunyi0Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza1Noella Bigirimana2Nicaise Ndembi3Emmanuel Edwar Siddig4Jean Kaseya5Ayman Ahmed6Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Kigali 7162, RwandaDepartment of Clinical Biology, University of Rwanda, Kigali 3900, RwandaRwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Kigali 7162, RwandaThe Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Ring Road, 16/17, Haile Garment Lafto Square, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 3243, EthiopiaUnit of Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, SudanThe Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Ring Road, 16/17, Haile Garment Lafto Square, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 3243, EthiopiaRwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Kigali 7162, RwandaObjectives: Marburg virus disease (MVD) is on the WHO list for pandemic-prone pathogens. The current outbreak in Rwanda provides an opportunity to map outbreaks and generate information to inform policymaking, resource mobilization, and guide the implementation of cost-effective response strategies. Methods: We synthesized available information about MVD to build holistic, up-to-date evidence to inform policymakers, public health leaders, and healthcare and public health services providers in their development and implementation of cost-effective preparedness, prevention, and control measures. Results: We have identified 20 outbreaks of MVD that occurred in 14 countries between 1967 and 2024; these outbreaks led to 580 confirmed cases and 423 deaths in total. We summarize the available information about the main clinical signs, diagnostic tools, primary reservoir, transmission dynamics, and case management protocol. We also document the best practices in the prevention and control of MVD outbreaks, including the implementation of a multisectoral One Health strategy for preparedness, prevention, and response to MVD outbreaks that incorporates the strict implementation of WASH and infection prevention measures, contact tracing, and the isolation of infected and suspected humans and animals, and enhances the implementation of the International Health Regulations, particularly efficient cross-country coordination. Conclusions: In the absence of a licensed treatment or vaccine for MVD, the response strategy to MVD should focus on preventive measures, including community engagement to promote the reduction in contact between humans and reservoirs, the supportive care and isolation of patients, and proper waste management. High risk populations such as frontline responders, including healthcare providers and community health workers, should be prioritized so that they can access all currently available protection measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/309zoonotic-viral infectionglobal health securityhemorrhagic fevermultisectoral one health strategypandemic-prone diseasespandemic preparedness
spellingShingle Claude Mambo Muvunyi
Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza
Noella Bigirimana
Nicaise Ndembi
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Jean Kaseya
Ayman Ahmed
Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
Diseases
zoonotic-viral infection
global health security
hemorrhagic fever
multisectoral one health strategy
pandemic-prone diseases
pandemic preparedness
title Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
title_full Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
title_fullStr Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
title_full_unstemmed Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
title_short Evidence-Based Guidance for One Health Preparedness, Prevention, and Response Strategies to Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks
title_sort evidence based guidance for one health preparedness prevention and response strategies to marburg virus disease outbreaks
topic zoonotic-viral infection
global health security
hemorrhagic fever
multisectoral one health strategy
pandemic-prone diseases
pandemic preparedness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/12/12/309
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