YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments

Traffic target recognition is a crucial technology that has drawn a lot of interest due to the quick development of unmanned and assisted driving systems. However, the precision and performance of target recognition for the more complicated nighttime environment are lower, and the majority of the pr...

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Main Authors: Danyang Zhu, Hao Zhou, Yunlong Gao, Yongjuan Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080064/
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author Danyang Zhu
Hao Zhou
Yunlong Gao
Yongjuan Wang
author_facet Danyang Zhu
Hao Zhou
Yunlong Gao
Yongjuan Wang
author_sort Danyang Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Traffic target recognition is a crucial technology that has drawn a lot of interest due to the quick development of unmanned and assisted driving systems. However, the precision and performance of target recognition for the more complicated nighttime environment are lower, and the majority of the present research on traffic target recognition concentrates on the daytime. By using nighttime traffic targets as the research object, this paper suggests YOLOv11-ND, an enhanced target recognition method, to address the aforementioned issues. First, based on WTConv, the WTC3k2 module is intended to take the position of C3k2 in the backbone part. This reduces the amount of model parameters without sacrificing precision. Then, to boost the fusion ability of multi-scale features, the HS-FPN network structure is adopted in the neck section. This improves the detection performance. Lastly, the model is optimized using the Focaler-GIoU loss function to further enhance the detection performance. In comparison to the baseline model YOLOv11, the enhanced model YOLOv11-ND improved the P, R, mAP50, and mAP50-95 measures by 3.1%, 3.4%, 4%, and 3.6%, respectively, according to experimental validation using the FLIR dataset.The method can successfully increase the precision of traffic target detection in urban settings at night, according to the testing results.
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issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-c990f7188cda4aecb11d88bf2cf2d0552025-08-20T03:55:49ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011312448312449310.1109/ACCESS.2025.358901011080064YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban EnvironmentsDanyang Zhu0Hao Zhou1Yunlong Gao2Yongjuan Wang3https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9992-7837School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaHangzhou Zhiyuan Research Ltd., Hangzhou, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaTraffic target recognition is a crucial technology that has drawn a lot of interest due to the quick development of unmanned and assisted driving systems. However, the precision and performance of target recognition for the more complicated nighttime environment are lower, and the majority of the present research on traffic target recognition concentrates on the daytime. By using nighttime traffic targets as the research object, this paper suggests YOLOv11-ND, an enhanced target recognition method, to address the aforementioned issues. First, based on WTConv, the WTC3k2 module is intended to take the position of C3k2 in the backbone part. This reduces the amount of model parameters without sacrificing precision. Then, to boost the fusion ability of multi-scale features, the HS-FPN network structure is adopted in the neck section. This improves the detection performance. Lastly, the model is optimized using the Focaler-GIoU loss function to further enhance the detection performance. In comparison to the baseline model YOLOv11, the enhanced model YOLOv11-ND improved the P, R, mAP50, and mAP50-95 measures by 3.1%, 3.4%, 4%, and 3.6%, respectively, according to experimental validation using the FLIR dataset.The method can successfully increase the precision of traffic target detection in urban settings at night, according to the testing results.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080064/FLIRFocaler-GIoUHS-FPNnight target detectionWTC3k2YOLOv11
spellingShingle Danyang Zhu
Hao Zhou
Yunlong Gao
Yongjuan Wang
YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
IEEE Access
FLIR
Focaler-GIoU
HS-FPN
night target detection
WTC3k2
YOLOv11
title YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
title_full YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
title_fullStr YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
title_full_unstemmed YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
title_short YOLOv11-ND: A Method for Identifying Traffic Targets in Nighttime Urban Environments
title_sort yolov11 nd a method for identifying traffic targets in nighttime urban environments
topic FLIR
Focaler-GIoU
HS-FPN
night target detection
WTC3k2
YOLOv11
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11080064/
work_keys_str_mv AT danyangzhu yolov11ndamethodforidentifyingtraffictargetsinnighttimeurbanenvironments
AT haozhou yolov11ndamethodforidentifyingtraffictargetsinnighttimeurbanenvironments
AT yunlonggao yolov11ndamethodforidentifyingtraffictargetsinnighttimeurbanenvironments
AT yongjuanwang yolov11ndamethodforidentifyingtraffictargetsinnighttimeurbanenvironments