Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients

IntroductionMultidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are considered a major public health threat. Immunocompromised pediatric patients are at a great risk of severe or overwhelming infections. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of infections with multidrug resistant (M...

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Main Authors: Sarah Khafaja, Yara Salameh, Celina F. Boutros, Cherine Awad, Kawthar Faour, Nadim Tfaily, Sarah Merhi, Zeinab El Zein, Samer Bou Karroum, Dana Oweini, Danielle Fayad, George F. Araj, Ramia Zakhour, Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382500/full
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author Sarah Khafaja
Sarah Khafaja
Yara Salameh
Celina F. Boutros
Cherine Awad
Kawthar Faour
Nadim Tfaily
Sarah Merhi
Zeinab El Zein
Zeinab El Zein
Samer Bou Karroum
Dana Oweini
Danielle Fayad
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
Ramia Zakhour
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
author_facet Sarah Khafaja
Sarah Khafaja
Yara Salameh
Celina F. Boutros
Cherine Awad
Kawthar Faour
Nadim Tfaily
Sarah Merhi
Zeinab El Zein
Zeinab El Zein
Samer Bou Karroum
Dana Oweini
Danielle Fayad
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
Ramia Zakhour
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
author_sort Sarah Khafaja
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionMultidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are considered a major public health threat. Immunocompromised pediatric patients are at a great risk of severe or overwhelming infections. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of infections with multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in immunocompromised pediatric patients and to determine the risk factors. In addition, we aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these isolates.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) from 2009 to 2017. The study included immunocompromised patients 18 years of age or younger with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a sterile site, or nonsterile site in the setting of clinical infection.ResultsA total of 381 episodes of infection with GNB in 242 immunocompromised pediatric patients were identified. The mean age was 7.7 years. The most common pathogens were Enterobacterales followed by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. MDR GNB infections predominated causing 72% of the episodes, with alarming MDR rates among Escherichia coli (95.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (82.7%). The overall rate of MDR GNB isolated increased from 62.7% in 2015 to 90% in 2017. Thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy and previous colonization or infection with the same organism during the past 12 months were found to be independent risk factors for infection with MDR GNB.ConclusionThis study provides data on the epidemiology of infections with MDR GNB in immunocompromised pediatric patients and illustrates the alarmingly high prevalence of these infections. This necessitates the frequent revisiting of treatment guidelines in these high-risk patients and the implementation of judicious antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control policies to stabilize or decrease the prevalence of these infections.
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spelling doaj-art-c98b782688464b78b339fe2c2b91cb932025-08-20T02:43:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-01-011410.3389/fcimb.2024.13825001382500Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patientsSarah Khafaja0Sarah Khafaja1Yara Salameh2Celina F. Boutros3Cherine Awad4Kawthar Faour5Nadim Tfaily6Sarah Merhi7Zeinab El Zein8Zeinab El Zein9Samer Bou Karroum10Dana Oweini11Danielle Fayad12George F. Araj13George F. Araj14George F. Araj15Ramia Zakhour16Ghassan S. Dbaibo17Ghassan S. Dbaibo18Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonClinical Microbiology Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonCenter for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, LebanonIntroductionMultidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are considered a major public health threat. Immunocompromised pediatric patients are at a great risk of severe or overwhelming infections. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of infections with multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in immunocompromised pediatric patients and to determine the risk factors. In addition, we aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these isolates.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective observational study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) from 2009 to 2017. The study included immunocompromised patients 18 years of age or younger with infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a sterile site, or nonsterile site in the setting of clinical infection.ResultsA total of 381 episodes of infection with GNB in 242 immunocompromised pediatric patients were identified. The mean age was 7.7 years. The most common pathogens were Enterobacterales followed by Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter spp. MDR GNB infections predominated causing 72% of the episodes, with alarming MDR rates among Escherichia coli (95.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (82.7%). The overall rate of MDR GNB isolated increased from 62.7% in 2015 to 90% in 2017. Thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy and previous colonization or infection with the same organism during the past 12 months were found to be independent risk factors for infection with MDR GNB.ConclusionThis study provides data on the epidemiology of infections with MDR GNB in immunocompromised pediatric patients and illustrates the alarmingly high prevalence of these infections. This necessitates the frequent revisiting of treatment guidelines in these high-risk patients and the implementation of judicious antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control policies to stabilize or decrease the prevalence of these infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382500/fullmultidrug resistancegram-negative bacteriaantimicrobial resistanceimmunocompromisedchildrenadolescent
spellingShingle Sarah Khafaja
Sarah Khafaja
Yara Salameh
Celina F. Boutros
Cherine Awad
Kawthar Faour
Nadim Tfaily
Sarah Merhi
Zeinab El Zein
Zeinab El Zein
Samer Bou Karroum
Dana Oweini
Danielle Fayad
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
George F. Araj
Ramia Zakhour
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Ghassan S. Dbaibo
Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
multidrug resistance
gram-negative bacteria
antimicrobial resistance
immunocompromised
children
adolescent
title Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
title_full Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
title_fullStr Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
title_full_unstemmed Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
title_short Increased rate of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
title_sort increased rate of multidrug resistant gram negative bacterial infections in hospitalized immunocompromised pediatric patients
topic multidrug resistance
gram-negative bacteria
antimicrobial resistance
immunocompromised
children
adolescent
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382500/full
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