Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study
Nitrogen (N) is an essential determinant of strawberry growth and productivity. However, plants exhibit varying preferences for sources of nitrogen, which ultimately affects its use efficiency. Thus, it is imperative to determine the preferred N source for the optimization of indoor strawberry produ...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Sirajo Salisu Jibia Kanokwan Panjama Chaiartid Inkham Takashi Sato Norikuni Ohtake Soraya Ruamrungsri |
| author_facet | Sirajo Salisu Jibia Kanokwan Panjama Chaiartid Inkham Takashi Sato Norikuni Ohtake Soraya Ruamrungsri |
| author_sort | Sirajo Salisu Jibia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitrogen (N) is an essential determinant of strawberry growth and productivity. However, plants exhibit varying preferences for sources of nitrogen, which ultimately affects its use efficiency. Thus, it is imperative to determine the preferred N source for the optimization of indoor strawberry production. This study employed the <sup>15</sup>N-tracer technique to investigate the effects of N sources on N uptake, distribution, and use efficiency, as well as the plants’ growth, for ‘Praratchatan 80’ strawberries in a greenhouse. Five treatments were applied: T1 (5.0 mM <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), T2 (2.5 mM <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2.5 mM NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), T3 (5.0 mM <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), T4 (2.5 mM <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + 2.5 mM NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and T5 (N-free, control) in a completely randomized design. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) differences were observed in N uptake and distribution and total N concentration among the treatments. Sole NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> promoted early N uptake and accelerated flowering, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> enhanced vegetative growth and later-stage nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The application of combined NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> was most efficacious, balancing the benefits of both N forms. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> treatment enhanced <sup>15</sup>NUE by 46% compared to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and mixed N sources demonstrated superior and consistent <sup>15</sup>NUE over time. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, alone or with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, expedited flowering by 20 days compared to sole NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and N-free treatments. This study elucidates the importance of the sources of N in optimizing strawberry growth and flowering, providing a foundation for developing tailored N-management strategies. Future research should focus on refining mixed N application ratios and timings, exploring molecular mechanisms of N metabolism, and evaluating long-term impacts on strawberry production sustainability. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c9839aab01444f5fb2ba16b61c15afcb2025-01-24T13:47:00ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114226510.3390/plants14020265Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer StudySirajo Salisu Jibia0Kanokwan Panjama1Chaiartid Inkham2Takashi Sato3Norikuni Ohtake4Soraya Ruamrungsri5Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandEconomic Flower and Horticultural Crops Research Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, JapanDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandNitrogen (N) is an essential determinant of strawberry growth and productivity. However, plants exhibit varying preferences for sources of nitrogen, which ultimately affects its use efficiency. Thus, it is imperative to determine the preferred N source for the optimization of indoor strawberry production. This study employed the <sup>15</sup>N-tracer technique to investigate the effects of N sources on N uptake, distribution, and use efficiency, as well as the plants’ growth, for ‘Praratchatan 80’ strawberries in a greenhouse. Five treatments were applied: T1 (5.0 mM <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), T2 (2.5 mM <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + 2.5 mM NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), T3 (5.0 mM <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), T4 (2.5 mM <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + 2.5 mM NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and T5 (N-free, control) in a completely randomized design. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) differences were observed in N uptake and distribution and total N concentration among the treatments. Sole NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> promoted early N uptake and accelerated flowering, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> enhanced vegetative growth and later-stage nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The application of combined NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> was most efficacious, balancing the benefits of both N forms. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> treatment enhanced <sup>15</sup>NUE by 46% compared to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and mixed N sources demonstrated superior and consistent <sup>15</sup>NUE over time. NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, alone or with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, expedited flowering by 20 days compared to sole NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and N-free treatments. This study elucidates the importance of the sources of N in optimizing strawberry growth and flowering, providing a foundation for developing tailored N-management strategies. Future research should focus on refining mixed N application ratios and timings, exploring molecular mechanisms of N metabolism, and evaluating long-term impacts on strawberry production sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/265nitrateammoniumnitrogen sourcesuptakedistribution<sup>15</sup>N-tracer |
| spellingShingle | Sirajo Salisu Jibia Kanokwan Panjama Chaiartid Inkham Takashi Sato Norikuni Ohtake Soraya Ruamrungsri Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study Plants nitrate ammonium nitrogen sources uptake distribution <sup>15</sup>N-tracer |
| title | Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study |
| title_full | Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study |
| title_short | Effects of Source on the Nitrogen Uptake, Allocation Patterns, and Performance of Strawberry (<i>Fragaria × ananassa</i> Duch.): A <sup>15</sup>N-Tracer Study |
| title_sort | effects of source on the nitrogen uptake allocation patterns and performance of strawberry i fragaria ananassa i duch a sup 15 sup n tracer study |
| topic | nitrate ammonium nitrogen sources uptake distribution <sup>15</sup>N-tracer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/265 |
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