Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance
Phase coding plays an important role in radar systems, affecting signal modulation, target detection, and interference rejection. This study assesses various phase codes, including Gold, Kasami, Barker, Frank, and Chaotic codes, by analyzing performance metrics like cross-correlation and peak-to-sid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10934989/ |
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| author | Basmah Ahmad Faran Awais Butt Ijaz Haider Naqvi Saqib Ejaz Saqib Ali Ali Hussein Muqaibel Saleh A. Alawsh Muhammad Arif Anwar |
| author_facet | Basmah Ahmad Faran Awais Butt Ijaz Haider Naqvi Saqib Ejaz Saqib Ali Ali Hussein Muqaibel Saleh A. Alawsh Muhammad Arif Anwar |
| author_sort | Basmah Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phase coding plays an important role in radar systems, affecting signal modulation, target detection, and interference rejection. This study assesses various phase codes, including Gold, Kasami, Barker, Frank, and Chaotic codes, by analyzing performance metrics like cross-correlation and peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR). The study highlights certain limitations, suggesting the need for new waveform solutions. It integrates component-based and Kronecker product-based interpulse coding to combine different codes and improve overall system performance. By merging phase codes effectively, interpulse coding leverages the strengths of individual codes to produce a composite waveform with enhanced autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, improving radar performance. An optimization problem is formulated using a weighted performance metric to identify the best waveform, considering factors such as cross-correlation and PSLR. The approach, utilizing simple Kronecker and element-wise multiplication techniques, offers significant benefits with minimal complexity. The Barker-Gold interpulse code stands out as highly effective for spread spectrum-based applications due to its favorable correlation properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c97d25ede3ac4f21b1be33b14c3e224e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-c97d25ede3ac4f21b1be33b14c3e224e2025-08-20T01:50:23ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113516805169210.1109/ACCESS.2025.355330810934989Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar PerformanceBasmah Ahmad0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-3132Faran Awais Butt1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3842Ijaz Haider Naqvi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9217Saqib Ejaz3Saqib Ali4Ali Hussein Muqaibel5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7865-1987Saleh A. Alawsh6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-191XMuhammad Arif Anwar7Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, PakistanCenter for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, PakistanCentres of Excellence in Science & Applied Technologies (CESAT), Islamabad, PakistanCentres of Excellence in Science & Applied Technologies (CESAT), Islamabad, PakistanCenter for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaCenter for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaCenter for Communication Systems and Sensing, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaPhase coding plays an important role in radar systems, affecting signal modulation, target detection, and interference rejection. This study assesses various phase codes, including Gold, Kasami, Barker, Frank, and Chaotic codes, by analyzing performance metrics like cross-correlation and peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSLR). The study highlights certain limitations, suggesting the need for new waveform solutions. It integrates component-based and Kronecker product-based interpulse coding to combine different codes and improve overall system performance. By merging phase codes effectively, interpulse coding leverages the strengths of individual codes to produce a composite waveform with enhanced autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, improving radar performance. An optimization problem is formulated using a weighted performance metric to identify the best waveform, considering factors such as cross-correlation and PSLR. The approach, utilizing simple Kronecker and element-wise multiplication techniques, offers significant benefits with minimal complexity. The Barker-Gold interpulse code stands out as highly effective for spread spectrum-based applications due to its favorable correlation properties.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10934989/Barker Codecross-correlationgold codeinterpulse codingKasami codeKronecker product |
| spellingShingle | Basmah Ahmad Faran Awais Butt Ijaz Haider Naqvi Saqib Ejaz Saqib Ali Ali Hussein Muqaibel Saleh A. Alawsh Muhammad Arif Anwar Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance IEEE Access Barker Code cross-correlation gold code interpulse coding Kasami code Kronecker product |
| title | Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance |
| title_full | Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance |
| title_fullStr | Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance |
| title_short | Phase Code Integration Using Interpulse Techniques for Enhanced Radar Performance |
| title_sort | phase code integration using interpulse techniques for enhanced radar performance |
| topic | Barker Code cross-correlation gold code interpulse coding Kasami code Kronecker product |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10934989/ |
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