Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials
ABSTRACT Elevated blood pressure variability (BPV) is an emerging independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Many studies are exploring the impacts of regular physical exercise on reducing BPV. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise can be an intervention to contr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70050 |
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| author | Ziyu Hao Joshua Tran Amy Lam Karen Yiu Kelvin Tsoi |
| author_facet | Ziyu Hao Joshua Tran Amy Lam Karen Yiu Kelvin Tsoi |
| author_sort | Ziyu Hao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Elevated blood pressure variability (BPV) is an emerging independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Many studies are exploring the impacts of regular physical exercise on reducing BPV. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise can be an intervention to control for the short‐term and long‐term BPV. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO on February 10, 2025. The clinical trials and other observational studies that investigated the effects of exercise on systolic and diastolic BPV were included. There were no limitations on age, blood pressure (BP) category, or the use of antihypertensive medication. Mean differences and standard deviations (SDs) of the BPV measurements were extracted to derive standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity was assessed by I2, and random‐effect models were performed. Our search identified 8359 studies, of which 25 studies reported BPV outcomes. Fifteen clinical trials compared the short‐term BPV among participants with or without exercise. Exercise interventions can significantly reduce both systolic BPV (SMD [95% CI] = −0.37[−0.61 to −0.12]) and diastolic BPV (−0.48 [−0.72 to −0.23]). The benefits are stronger for those with hypertension. Different types of exercise were compared in the network meta‐analyses, and aerobic exercise showed more benefits than other types of exercise to improve BPV, especially on the diastolic BPV when it was compared with no exercise (−2.52 [−4.05 to −0.99]). No evidence was observed for the long‐term BPV. Exercise interventions effectively reduce the variability of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Aerobic exercise is shown to be more effective in reducing diastolic BPV versus no exercise. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-c9797cd247ec4b63a2f80b1a06ad8f6f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1524-6175 1751-7176 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Journal of Clinical Hypertension |
| spelling | doaj-art-c9797cd247ec4b63a2f80b1a06ad8f6f2025-08-20T02:03:07ZengWileyThe Journal of Clinical Hypertension1524-61751751-71762025-05-01275n/an/a10.1111/jch.70050Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical TrialsZiyu Hao0Joshua Tran1Amy Lam2Karen Yiu3Kelvin Tsoi4Faculty of Medicine JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Hong Kong Hong KongFaculty of Medicine JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Hong Kong Hong KongFaculty of Medicine Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Hong Kong Hong KongStanley Ho Big Data Decision Analytics Research Centre The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong KongFaculty of Medicine JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Hong Kong Hong KongABSTRACT Elevated blood pressure variability (BPV) is an emerging independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Many studies are exploring the impacts of regular physical exercise on reducing BPV. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise can be an intervention to control for the short‐term and long‐term BPV. A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO on February 10, 2025. The clinical trials and other observational studies that investigated the effects of exercise on systolic and diastolic BPV were included. There were no limitations on age, blood pressure (BP) category, or the use of antihypertensive medication. Mean differences and standard deviations (SDs) of the BPV measurements were extracted to derive standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity was assessed by I2, and random‐effect models were performed. Our search identified 8359 studies, of which 25 studies reported BPV outcomes. Fifteen clinical trials compared the short‐term BPV among participants with or without exercise. Exercise interventions can significantly reduce both systolic BPV (SMD [95% CI] = −0.37[−0.61 to −0.12]) and diastolic BPV (−0.48 [−0.72 to −0.23]). The benefits are stronger for those with hypertension. Different types of exercise were compared in the network meta‐analyses, and aerobic exercise showed more benefits than other types of exercise to improve BPV, especially on the diastolic BPV when it was compared with no exercise (−2.52 [−4.05 to −0.99]). No evidence was observed for the long‐term BPV. Exercise interventions effectively reduce the variability of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Aerobic exercise is shown to be more effective in reducing diastolic BPV versus no exercise.https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70050aerobic exercisegymnastic programhypertensionisometric exercisestrength training |
| spellingShingle | Ziyu Hao Joshua Tran Amy Lam Karen Yiu Kelvin Tsoi Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials The Journal of Clinical Hypertension aerobic exercise gymnastic program hypertension isometric exercise strength training |
| title | Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials |
| title_full | Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials |
| title_fullStr | Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials |
| title_short | Aerobic, Resistance, and Isometric Exercise to Reduce Blood Pressure Variability: A Network Meta‐Analysis of 15 Clinical Trials |
| title_sort | aerobic resistance and isometric exercise to reduce blood pressure variability a network meta analysis of 15 clinical trials |
| topic | aerobic exercise gymnastic program hypertension isometric exercise strength training |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70050 |
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