Use of Thermal Ablation in Low-Resource Settings: Experience From Three Multicenter Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trials

PURPOSEThermal ablation (TA) is now a widely used treatment for cervical precancer in low- and middle-income countries. Over the past decade, TA devices have been redesigned to be more portable, user-friendly, and affordable. This analysis combines data from three large randomized clinical trials co...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gabriel Conzuelo Rodriguez, Miriam L. Cremer, Richard Muwonge, Partha Basu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society of Clinical Oncology 2025-06-01
Series:JCO Global Oncology
Online Access:https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/GO-25-00050
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Summary:PURPOSEThermal ablation (TA) is now a widely used treatment for cervical precancer in low- and middle-income countries. Over the past decade, TA devices have been redesigned to be more portable, user-friendly, and affordable. This analysis combines data from three large randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of TA with those of the previous standard, gas-based cryotherapy.METHODSThis analysis used Human Papillomavirus (HPV) test results at 1-year post-treatment as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included side effects and patient satisfaction.RESULTSOf the 2,948 participants treated with either TA or gas-based cryotherapy, 80.9% and 81.8% completed HPV testing at 1 year, respectively. Overall, 60.7% tested negative for HPV at follow-up, with slightly higher rates in the TA group (62.5%) compared with cryotherapy (58.7%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P value = .14). Side effects were minimal for both treatments. Severe pain was slightly more common with TA (7.6% v 3.9% for cryotherapy), but vasovagal responses were less frequent (2.3% v 7.6%). Satisfaction with treatment was high (approximately 98%) across both groups.CONCLUSIONOur findings support the efficacy of TA in treating cervical precancer, offering an effective and practical alternative in low-resource settings. However, future research is urgently needed to address critical questions, including the standardization of treatment protocols and tailored approaches for women living with HIV.
ISSN:2687-8941