DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation

Abstract Background A critical area of recent cancer research is the emergence of transition states between normal and cancer that exhibit increased cell plasticity which underlies tumor cell heterogeneity. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can arise from the combination of a transition state...

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Main Authors: Emily K.W. Lo, Adrian Idrizi, Rakel Tryggvadottir, Weiqiang Zhou, Wenpin Hou, Hongkai Ji, Patrick Cahan, Andrew P. Feinberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Genome Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01452-6
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author Emily K.W. Lo
Adrian Idrizi
Rakel Tryggvadottir
Weiqiang Zhou
Wenpin Hou
Hongkai Ji
Patrick Cahan
Andrew P. Feinberg
author_facet Emily K.W. Lo
Adrian Idrizi
Rakel Tryggvadottir
Weiqiang Zhou
Wenpin Hou
Hongkai Ji
Patrick Cahan
Andrew P. Feinberg
author_sort Emily K.W. Lo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background A critical area of recent cancer research is the emergence of transition states between normal and cancer that exhibit increased cell plasticity which underlies tumor cell heterogeneity. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can arise from the combination of a transition state termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and a gain-of-function mutation in the proto-oncogene KRAS. During ADM, digestive enzyme-producing acinar cells acquire a transient ductal epithelium-like phenotype while maintaining their geographical acinar organization. One route of ADM initiation is the overexpression of the Krüppel-like factor 4 gene (KLF4) in the absence of oncogenic driver mutations. Here, we asked to what extent cells acquire and retain an epigenetic memory of the ADM transition state in the absence of oncogene mutation. Methods We profiled the DNA methylome and transcriptome of KLF4-induced ADM in transgenic mice at various timepoints during and after recovery from ADM. We validated the identified DNA methylation and transcriptomic signatures in the widely used caerulein model of inducible pancreatitis. Results We identified differential DNA methylation at Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 GTPase pathway genes during ADM, as well as a corresponding gene expression increase in these pathways. Importantly, differential methylation persisted after gene expression returned to normal. Caerulein exposure, which induces widespread digestive system changes in addition to ADM, showed similar changes in DNA methylation in ADM cells. Regions of differential methylation were enriched for motifs of KLF and AP-1 family transcription factors, as were those of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) samples, demonstrating the relevance of this epigenetic transition state memory in human carcinogenesis. Finally, single-cell spatial transcriptomics revealed that these ADM transition cells were enriched for PI3K pathway and AP1 family members. Conclusions Our comprehensive study of DNA methylation in the acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state links epigenetic memory to cancer-related cell plasticity even in the absence of oncogenic mutation.
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spelling doaj-art-c96ef54d4b3145ccbd4ddd863a2269b72025-08-20T03:40:50ZengBMCGenome Medicine1756-994X2025-03-0117111910.1186/s13073-025-01452-6DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutationEmily K.W. Lo0Adrian Idrizi1Rakel Tryggvadottir2Weiqiang Zhou3Wenpin Hou4Hongkai Ji5Patrick Cahan6Andrew P. Feinberg7Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineCenter for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineCenter for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineAbstract Background A critical area of recent cancer research is the emergence of transition states between normal and cancer that exhibit increased cell plasticity which underlies tumor cell heterogeneity. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can arise from the combination of a transition state termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and a gain-of-function mutation in the proto-oncogene KRAS. During ADM, digestive enzyme-producing acinar cells acquire a transient ductal epithelium-like phenotype while maintaining their geographical acinar organization. One route of ADM initiation is the overexpression of the Krüppel-like factor 4 gene (KLF4) in the absence of oncogenic driver mutations. Here, we asked to what extent cells acquire and retain an epigenetic memory of the ADM transition state in the absence of oncogene mutation. Methods We profiled the DNA methylome and transcriptome of KLF4-induced ADM in transgenic mice at various timepoints during and after recovery from ADM. We validated the identified DNA methylation and transcriptomic signatures in the widely used caerulein model of inducible pancreatitis. Results We identified differential DNA methylation at Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 GTPase pathway genes during ADM, as well as a corresponding gene expression increase in these pathways. Importantly, differential methylation persisted after gene expression returned to normal. Caerulein exposure, which induces widespread digestive system changes in addition to ADM, showed similar changes in DNA methylation in ADM cells. Regions of differential methylation were enriched for motifs of KLF and AP-1 family transcription factors, as were those of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) samples, demonstrating the relevance of this epigenetic transition state memory in human carcinogenesis. Finally, single-cell spatial transcriptomics revealed that these ADM transition cells were enriched for PI3K pathway and AP1 family members. Conclusions Our comprehensive study of DNA methylation in the acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state links epigenetic memory to cancer-related cell plasticity even in the absence of oncogenic mutation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01452-6Pancreatic cancerDNA methylationEpigenetic memory
spellingShingle Emily K.W. Lo
Adrian Idrizi
Rakel Tryggvadottir
Weiqiang Zhou
Wenpin Hou
Hongkai Ji
Patrick Cahan
Andrew P. Feinberg
DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
Genome Medicine
Pancreatic cancer
DNA methylation
Epigenetic memory
title DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
title_full DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
title_fullStr DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
title_full_unstemmed DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
title_short DNA methylation memory of pancreatic acinar-ductal metaplasia transition state altering Kras-downstream PI3K and Rho GTPase signaling in the absence of Kras mutation
title_sort dna methylation memory of pancreatic acinar ductal metaplasia transition state altering kras downstream pi3k and rho gtpase signaling in the absence of kras mutation
topic Pancreatic cancer
DNA methylation
Epigenetic memory
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01452-6
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