Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the long‐term survival of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (LALRC), receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) versus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT). Methods and Materials This retrospective observational study included 1169 patients with LALRC (Sta...

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Main Authors: Siyuan Chen, Ruiyan Wu, Juefeng Wan, Yun Xu, Yaqi Wang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Lili Huang, Yujun Liu, Yingxuan Lin, Luoxi He, Yun Deng, Fan Xia, Ye Xu, Zhen Zhang, Hongtu Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Cancer Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71042
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author Siyuan Chen
Ruiyan Wu
Juefeng Wan
Yun Xu
Yaqi Wang
Zhiyuan Zhang
Lili Huang
Yujun Liu
Yingxuan Lin
Luoxi He
Yun Deng
Fan Xia
Ye Xu
Zhen Zhang
Hongtu Zheng
author_facet Siyuan Chen
Ruiyan Wu
Juefeng Wan
Yun Xu
Yaqi Wang
Zhiyuan Zhang
Lili Huang
Yujun Liu
Yingxuan Lin
Luoxi He
Yun Deng
Fan Xia
Ye Xu
Zhen Zhang
Hongtu Zheng
author_sort Siyuan Chen
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the long‐term survival of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (LALRC), receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) versus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT). Methods and Materials This retrospective observational study included 1169 patients with LALRC (Stage II/III disease located ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge) who underwent diagnosis and treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from February 2006 to March 2021. In Stage II/III low rectal cancer patients, one‐to‐one matched pairs were created from the ACRT and NCRT groups using propensity score matching (PSM) based on baseline characteristics. OS and DFS were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method alongside the univariate Cox regression model. Results In Stage II patients, 65 received ACRT and 107 received NCRT. For Stage III, 282 received ACRT and 715 received NCRT. After PSM, 45 paired Stage II patients and 243 paired Stage III patients were selected. In Stage II patients, there was no significant difference in OS and DFS between the groups. For Stage III, the 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 79.61% and 77.67% in the NCRT group, compared to 61.08% and 44.57% in the ACRT group (p < 0.001). The 5‐ and 10‐year DFS rates were 69.93% and 65.26% in the NCRT group, versus 48.07% and 40.77% in the ACRT group (p < 0.001). Additionally, in Stage III patients, NCRT was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death and recurrence compared to ACRT (OS: HR = 0.47, p = 0.0001; DFS: HR = 0.55, p = 0.0001). Conclusion For patients with Stage III low rectal cancer, NCRT significantly improved the long‐term DFS rate and OS rate, in comparison to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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spelling doaj-art-c96b4c171ef248ed9d1abb53f384e4b42025-08-20T04:03:08ZengWileyCancer Medicine2045-76342025-08-011415n/an/a10.1002/cam4.71042Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal CancerSiyuan Chen0Ruiyan Wu1Juefeng Wan2Yun Xu3Yaqi Wang4Zhiyuan Zhang5Lili Huang6Yujun Liu7Yingxuan Lin8Luoxi He9Yun Deng10Fan Xia11Ye Xu12Zhen Zhang13Hongtu Zheng14Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai ChinaDepartment of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai ChinaABSTRACT Purpose To compare the long‐term survival of patients with locally advanced low rectal cancer (LALRC), receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) versus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (ACRT). Methods and Materials This retrospective observational study included 1169 patients with LALRC (Stage II/III disease located ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge) who underwent diagnosis and treatment at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from February 2006 to March 2021. In Stage II/III low rectal cancer patients, one‐to‐one matched pairs were created from the ACRT and NCRT groups using propensity score matching (PSM) based on baseline characteristics. OS and DFS were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method alongside the univariate Cox regression model. Results In Stage II patients, 65 received ACRT and 107 received NCRT. For Stage III, 282 received ACRT and 715 received NCRT. After PSM, 45 paired Stage II patients and 243 paired Stage III patients were selected. In Stage II patients, there was no significant difference in OS and DFS between the groups. For Stage III, the 5‐ and 10‐year OS rates were 79.61% and 77.67% in the NCRT group, compared to 61.08% and 44.57% in the ACRT group (p < 0.001). The 5‐ and 10‐year DFS rates were 69.93% and 65.26% in the NCRT group, versus 48.07% and 40.77% in the ACRT group (p < 0.001). Additionally, in Stage III patients, NCRT was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death and recurrence compared to ACRT (OS: HR = 0.47, p = 0.0001; DFS: HR = 0.55, p = 0.0001). Conclusion For patients with Stage III low rectal cancer, NCRT significantly improved the long‐term DFS rate and OS rate, in comparison to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71042adjuvant chemoradiotherapylocally advanced low rectal cancerneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapyoncologic outcomeoverall survival
spellingShingle Siyuan Chen
Ruiyan Wu
Juefeng Wan
Yun Xu
Yaqi Wang
Zhiyuan Zhang
Lili Huang
Yujun Liu
Yingxuan Lin
Luoxi He
Yun Deng
Fan Xia
Ye Xu
Zhen Zhang
Hongtu Zheng
Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
Cancer Medicine
adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
locally advanced low rectal cancer
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
oncologic outcome
overall survival
title Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
title_full Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
title_fullStr Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
title_short Long‐Term Survival Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer
title_sort long term survival analysis of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced low rectal cancer
topic adjuvant chemoradiotherapy
locally advanced low rectal cancer
neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
oncologic outcome
overall survival
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.71042
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