Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales
This study investigated the interplay of bodily degrees of freedom (DoFs) governing the collective variable comprising the center of pressure (CoP) and center of mass (CoM) in postural control through the analytical lens of multiplicative interactions across scales. We employed a task combination in...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Mahsa Barfi Theodoros Deligiannis Brian Schlattmann Karl M. Newell Madhur Mangalam |
| author_facet | Mahsa Barfi Theodoros Deligiannis Brian Schlattmann Karl M. Newell Madhur Mangalam |
| author_sort | Mahsa Barfi |
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| description | This study investigated the interplay of bodily degrees of freedom (DoFs) governing the collective variable comprising the center of pressure (CoP) and center of mass (CoM) in postural control through the analytical lens of multiplicative interactions across scales. We employed a task combination involving a wobble board, introducing mechanical instability mainly along the mediolateral (ML) axis and the Trail Making Task (TMT), which imposes precise visual demands primarily along the anteroposterior (AP) axis. Using Multiscale Regression Analysis (MRA), a novel analytical method rooted in Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), we scrutinized CoP-to-CoM and CoM-to-CoP effects across multiple timescales ranging from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. CoP was computed from ground reaction forces recorded via a force plate, and CoM was derived from full-body 3D motion capture using a biomechanical model. We found that the wobble board attenuated CoM-to-CoP effects across timescales ranging from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace width="4.pt"></mspace><mi>to</mi><mspace width="4.pt"></mspace><mn>400</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Further analysis revealed nuanced changes: while there was an overall reduction, this encompassed an accentuation of CoM-to-CoP effects along the AP axis and a decrease along the ML axis. Importantly, these alterations in CoP’s responses to CoM movements outweighed any nonsignificant effects attributable to the TMT. CoM exhibited no sensitivity to CoP movements, regardless of the visual and mechanical task demands. In addition to identifying the characteristic timescales associated with bodily DoFs in facilitating upright posture, our findings underscore the critical significance of directionally challenging biomechanical constraints, particularly evident in the amplification of CoP-to-CoM effects along the AP axis in response to ML instability. These results underscore the potential of wobble board training to enhance the coordinative and compensatory responses of bodily DoFs to the shifting CoM by prompting appropriate adjustments in CoP, thereby suggesting their application for reinstating healthy CoM–CoP dynamics in clinical populations with postural deficits. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-c963091df1e04dc5bc4ed85d04cec5d42025-08-20T03:32:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514445410.3390/s25144454Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across TimescalesMahsa Barfi0Theodoros Deligiannis1Brian Schlattmann2Karl M. Newell3Madhur Mangalam4Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USADepartment of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USADepartment of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USADepartment of Kinesiology, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, GA 30602, USADepartment of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USAThis study investigated the interplay of bodily degrees of freedom (DoFs) governing the collective variable comprising the center of pressure (CoP) and center of mass (CoM) in postural control through the analytical lens of multiplicative interactions across scales. We employed a task combination involving a wobble board, introducing mechanical instability mainly along the mediolateral (ML) axis and the Trail Making Task (TMT), which imposes precise visual demands primarily along the anteroposterior (AP) axis. Using Multiscale Regression Analysis (MRA), a novel analytical method rooted in Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), we scrutinized CoP-to-CoM and CoM-to-CoP effects across multiple timescales ranging from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. CoP was computed from ground reaction forces recorded via a force plate, and CoM was derived from full-body 3D motion capture using a biomechanical model. We found that the wobble board attenuated CoM-to-CoP effects across timescales ranging from <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>100</mn><mspace width="4.pt"></mspace><mi>to</mi><mspace width="4.pt"></mspace><mn>400</mn><mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace><mi>ms</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Further analysis revealed nuanced changes: while there was an overall reduction, this encompassed an accentuation of CoM-to-CoP effects along the AP axis and a decrease along the ML axis. Importantly, these alterations in CoP’s responses to CoM movements outweighed any nonsignificant effects attributable to the TMT. CoM exhibited no sensitivity to CoP movements, regardless of the visual and mechanical task demands. In addition to identifying the characteristic timescales associated with bodily DoFs in facilitating upright posture, our findings underscore the critical significance of directionally challenging biomechanical constraints, particularly evident in the amplification of CoP-to-CoM effects along the AP axis in response to ML instability. These results underscore the potential of wobble board training to enhance the coordinative and compensatory responses of bodily DoFs to the shifting CoM by prompting appropriate adjustments in CoP, thereby suggesting their application for reinstating healthy CoM–CoP dynamics in clinical populations with postural deficits.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4454balancecenter of masscenter of pressurecoordinationfractal regressionpostural sway |
| spellingShingle | Mahsa Barfi Theodoros Deligiannis Brian Schlattmann Karl M. Newell Madhur Mangalam Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales Sensors balance center of mass center of pressure coordination fractal regression postural sway |
| title | Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales |
| title_full | Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales |
| title_fullStr | Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales |
| title_short | Wobble Board Instability Enhances Compensatory CoP Responses to CoM Movement Across Timescales |
| title_sort | wobble board instability enhances compensatory cop responses to com movement across timescales |
| topic | balance center of mass center of pressure coordination fractal regression postural sway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4454 |
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